Quotes

Question 1

What is the synderesis of Natural Moral Law (NML) according to Aquinas?

Answer 1

Good is to be done and evil avoided

This foundational principle underlies the ethical framework of NML.

Question 2

What does Aquinas state is the ultimate happiness?

Answer 2

Ultimate happiness through union with God

This reflects Aquinas’ belief in the divine purpose of human existence.

Question 3

According to Romans, what is the condition of humanity?

Answer 3

Since all have sinned and fallen short of the glory of God

This emphasizes the need for redemption in Christian theology.

Question 4

what does the CCC say about theological virtues

Answer 4

“The theological virtues are the foundation of Christian moral activity”

These virtues guide moral decisions in Christian ethics.

Question 5

what does Aquinas say about the doctrine of double effect

Answer 5

“Nothing hinders an act from having 2 effects”

This principle is often discussed in the context of moral dilemmas.

Question 6

How does Hoose describe moral guidelines?

Answer 6

Thou shall nots are but a system of guidelines that individuals must navigate

This suggests a structured approach to ethical decision-making.

Question 7

List the five primary precepts of Natural Moral Law.

Answer 7

• Preserve life
• Order in society
• Worship God
• Educate the young
• Reproduce

These precepts are considered universal moral principles in NML.

Question 8

What is the semi-official position of the Catholic Church according to Vardy

Answer 8

NML is the semi-official position of the Catholic Church

This indicates the Church’s endorsement of NML as a moral framework.

Question 9

What is the biblical commandment regarding love for others?

Answer 9

You shall love your neighbour as you love yourself

This principle is central to Christian ethics and situational ethics.

Question 10

What does Fletcher mean by stating that sometimes a man must push his principles aside?

Answer 10

There are times when a man has to push his principles aside and do the right thing

This highlights the flexibility required in ethical decision-making.

Question 11

What is the focus of situational ethics according to Fletcher?

Answer 11

Situational ethics puts people at the centre of concern

This approach emphasizes context and individual circumstances in ethical decisions.

Question 12

What is the only rule in Fletcher’s situational ethics?

Answer 12

There are no rules…. except the one of love

This underscores the primacy of love in ethical considerations.

Question 13

According to Fletcher, what are love and justice?

Answer 13

Love and justice are the same, only love is justice distributed

This compares love as a guiding principle with the concept of justice.

Question 14

What does Aristotle state about human actions?

Answer 14

Every action is held to aim at some good

This reflects Aristotle’s teleological view of ethics.

Question 15

What is the good for man according to Aristotle?

Answer 15

The good for man is an activity of the soul in accordance with virtue

This emphasizes the importance of virtue in achieving human flourishing.

Question 16

What is the end goal of human actions as stated by Aristotle?

Answer 16

Happiness……being the end to which our actions are directed

This concept is central to Aristotelian ethics.

Question 17

What does Hursthouse suggest about virtue ethics?

Answer 17

We need virtue ethics now more than ever

This reflects a contemporary call for virtue-based moral reasoning.

Question 18

What does Hursthouse state about the rightness of actions?

Answer 18

An action is right only if it is what a virtuous agent would do

This aligns virtue ethics with moral decision-making.

Question 19

What does Bentham mean by ‘the governance of two sovereign masters’?

Answer 19

The governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure

This highlights the utilitarian perspective on moral motivation.

Question 20

What is the critical question posed by Bentham regarding animals?

Answer 20

“The question is not can they reason? Not, can they talk? But can they suffer? “

This question underlines the ethical consideration of animal welfare.

Question 21

What does Tom Regan say about animals

Answer 21

“Somebodies not somethings”

This phrase emphasizes the moral status of animals as individuals.

Question 22

What does Singer say about animal suffering?

Answer 22

Their suffering isn’t for a few hours but for their whole lives

This highlights the long-term implications of animal suffering in ethical discussions.

Question 23

According to Aquinas, what distinguishes humans from other animals?

Answer 23

Although man is of the same genus as other animals, he is of a different species

This suggests a unique moral and rational capacity in humans.

Question 24

What does Hursthouse state regarding virtue ethics and animals?

Answer 24

VE directs us to think about the rights and wrongs of our treatment of animals

This connects virtue ethics to animal rights considerations.

Question 25

What does Aquinas say about lies?

Answer 25

Every lie is a sin ## Footnote This emphasizes the moral weight of honesty in Aquinas' ethics.

Question 26

What critique does Hoose make regarding NML?

Answer 26

What the proportionalists have done is point out the inconsistency and invalidity of such thinking ## Footnote This highlights a significant debate within moral philosophy.

Question 27

What does Fletcher mean by 'relatives the absolute does not absolute the relative'?

Answer 27

Relatives the absolute does not absolute the relative ## Footnote This suggests a critique of absolute moral standards in favor of contextual understanding.

Question 28

What does Aquinas say about succoring one's own needs?

Answer 28

Then it is lawful for a man to succor his own need by means of another man's property ## Footnote This raises questions about property rights and ethical obligations.

Question 29

According to Aristotle, what types of actions are not associated with baseness?

Answer 29

Not every action is associated with baseness.... adultery, theft and murder ## Footnote This suggests a more nuanced view of morality beyond strict prohibitions.

Question 30

What does Hume assert about deriving ethical conclusions?

Answer 30

You cannot derive an ought from an is ## Footnote This is a critical point in meta-ethical discussions about the nature of moral reasoning.

Question 31

What does Moore argue about defining 'good'?

Answer 31

A philosopher attempts to prove a claim about ethics through appealing to a definition of the term good by using a natural property ## Footnote This addresses the challenges in meta-ethics regarding moral properties.

Question 32

What is Moore's assertion regarding goodness?

Answer 32

Good is good ## Footnote This statement points to the simplicity and complexity of the concept of 'good'.

Question 33

According to Ross, what is the nature of duties?

Answer 33

These duties are as just as much a part of the fundamental structure of the universe as the numerical structure expressed in geometry ## Footnote This emphasizes the objective nature of moral duties in Ross's ethical framework.

Question 34

What does Calvin state about the will of God?

Answer 34

The will of God is the supreme will of righteousness ## Footnote This reflects a theological perspective on morality and ethics.

Question 35

What does Dawkins claim about the God of classical theism?

Answer 35

The God of classical theism is arguably the most unpleasant character in all of fiction ## Footnote This critique raises questions about the nature of divinity in ethical considerations.

Question 36

What does Ockham suggest about solutions?

Answer 36

The simplest solution tends to be the best one ## Footnote This principle, known as Occam's Razor, is often applied in ethical reasoning.

Question 37

What does Ayer say about ethical claims?

Answer 37

Nonsensical ## Footnote This reflects Ayer's emotivist view of ethics, dismissing objective moral claims.

Question 38

What does Bentham state about happiness?

Answer 38

The greatest happiness of the greatest number of people ## Footnote This is a fundamental principle in utilitarian ethics.

Question 39

What does Mill argue regarding happiness?

Answer 39

It is better to be a human dissatisfied than a pig satisfied ## Footnote This highlights the qualitative aspects of happiness in utilitarian thought.

Question 40

what does tom Regan say is happening to animals

Answer 40

"ruthless exploitation"

Question 41

what does Ayer say about emotivism

Answer 41

"emotional ejaculations"

Question 42

what does Aristotle say about humans rationality

Answer 42

humans are rational animals

Question 43

what does Aristotle say about cultivating virtues

Answer 43

"we are what we repeatedly do"

Question 44

what does Fletcher say about love

Answer 44

we are always condemned to act lovingly