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Question 1

List the 2 disciplines of the Unified Process.

Answer 1

Discipline - A set of related activities of similar
type and skill requirements.
Iteration - A short time duration where UP activities are performed to
produce one or more specific deliverables.

Question 2

Study the Discipline and Iteration graph.

Answer 2

Chapter 1, Page 8.

Question 3

Describe architectural design.

Answer 3

The description of all h/w, network, system s/w & application
development tools to support system development &
operations.

Question 4

Describe the detailed design.

Answer 4

Specification of internal details of specific
components such as d/base design, s/w modules & user
interfaces.

Question 5

Name the implementation activities.

Answer 5

Build, acquire & integrate application s/w
components.

Question 6

Name the testing activities.

Answer 6

Verify the correct functioning of the infrastructure &
application s/w components & ensure that they
satisfy system requirements.

Question 7

List the classification of computer professionals.

Answer 7

Software developers
Systems programmers
Hardware personnel
Systems managers

Question 8

List some sources of information in an IT environment.

Answer 8

Professional societies
Publishers and their Web sites
Vendors, manufacturers, and their websites

Question 9

What type of knowledge should managers have?

Answer 9

In-depth technical knowledge.

Question 10

What type of knowledge is required for deployment tasks?

Answer 10

Technical knowledge of computer h/w & system s/w.

Question 11

What type of knowledge is required for System Evaluation and Maintenance?

Answer 11

Broad technical knowledge for evaluation.
Deep technical knowledge to implement changes

Question 12

What type of knowledge is required for architectural design?

Answer 12

Broad technical knowledge

Question 13

What type of knowledge is required for detailed design?

Answer 13

Deep technical knowledge

Question 14

Study the computer system diagram.

Answer 14

Chapter 2, Page

Question 15

List the functions of the ALU.

Answer 15

Performs arithmetic operations and logical instructions.

Question 16

List the functions of registers.

Answer 16

Stores data or instructions.

Question 17

List the functions of the control unit.

Answer 17

Moves data among registers and other storage locations.
Executes program instructions.

Question 18

What is the main channel for moving data & instructions to &
from h/w components called?

Answer 18

System bus

Question 19

What type of memory does not permanent storage?

Answer 19

Volatile memory

Question 20

What type of memory holds permanent storage?

Answer 20

Non-volatile memory

Question 21

Differentiate between RAM and ROM.

Answer 21

RAM:

Expensive
Volatile
Temporary storage
Faster writing speeds

Vice versa

Question 22

Name the technique that divides a single computer’s capacity among
multiple virtual machines.

Answer 22

Virtualisation

Question 23

What are the groups of similar or identical computers, connected by a high-speed network that cooperate to provide services or run a single application called?

Answer 23

Clusters

Question 24

Example of clusters.

Answer 24

Chapter 2 page 30

Question 25

List the pros and cons of clusters.

Answer 25

Pros: High processing speed. Cost-effective. Cons: Complex configuration.

Question 26

What is a specialized cluster housed within one cabinet called?

Answer 26

A blade.

Question 27

List the pros and cons of blades.

Answer 27

Pros: Scalable Fault tolerance Cons: Complex configuration

Question 28

Examples of blades.

Answer 28

Chapter 2, Page 40.

Question 29

What is a a group of dissimilar computers, connected by a highspeed network, that cooperate to provide services or run a shared application called?

Answer 29

A grid.

Question 30

Example of grids.

Answer 30

Chapter 2, Page 45.

Question 31

What are computing resources with a front-end interface and back-end resources called?

Answer 31

Clouds

Question 32

List the pros and clouds.

Answer 32

Pros: Fault tolerance Flexible

Question 33

What is the protocol header in a URL?

Answer 33

The language used to access a resource.

Question 34

What is the Server name in a URL?

Answer 34

Identifies the device that manages the resources.

Question 35

What is the resource name in a URL?

Answer 35

Identifies a specific resource managed by the device.

Question 36

What is the interface device that connects the storage device to the system bus called?

Answer 36

A device controller.

Question 37

List the storage device characteristics.

Answer 37

Speed Volatility Access method Portability Cost & Capacity

Question 38

What is the CPU cycle spent waiting for access to an instruction or data called?

Answer 38

The wait state

Question 39

What is the most important characteristic differentiating primary & secondary storage?

Answer 39

Speed

Question 40

What is storage device speed also called?

Answer 40

Access Time.

Question 41

What is the complete measure of storage device speed called?

Answer 41

Data Transfer Rate.

Question 42

What is the amount of data transferred in one read/write operation called?

Answer 42

A block

Question 43

What is the amount of data transferred to/from an optical or magnetic disk in one read/write operation (usually 512 bytes) called?

Answer 43

A sector

Question 44

How to calculate DTR (in seconds).

Answer 44

(1 second/access time) x block size

Question 45

Study the number system.

Answer 45

Chapter 5, Page 14.

Question 46

List the 3 types of access methods.

Answer 46

Serial access - Stores & retrieves data items in a linear order. Random access - Direct Access Parallel access - can simultaneously access multiple storage locations.

Question 47

Know the storage hierarchy.

Answer 47

Chapter 5, Page 19.

Question 48

List the direct methods of storing electrical signals.

Answer 48

Batteries Capacitors Mechanical switches. Transistor-based switched.

Question 49

Differentiate between SRAM and DRAM.

Answer 49

Static RAM: Faster More expensive Uses transistors Dynamic RAM: Slower Less expensive Uses transistors and capacitors.

Question 50

Know how to distinguish between different semiconductor devices.

Answer 50

Chapter 5, page 25

Question 51

What is an electrical switch that “remembers” its last position (open or closed) as long as power continuously flows though it called?

Answer 51

A flip-flop circuit

Question 52

Know the different logic gates.

Answer 52

Chapter 5, page 26.

Question 53

Know the different magnetic fields.

Answer 53

Chapter 5, page 32

Question 54

Explain the magnetic write operation.

Answer 54

A magnetic write operation involves a wire coiled around a read/write head. When an electric current flows through the wire, it creates a magnetic field across the head's gap. The field's polarity (north or south) depends on the current's direction. Placing a magnetic storage medium near the gap magnetizes the closest part of the medium with the same polarity as the field, permanently storing data.

Question 55

Explain the magnetic read operation.

Answer 55

A magnetic read operation involves placing a magnetic storage medium near a read/write head's gap. The stored data's magnetic field induces a small electric current in the head's wire. The current's direction corresponds to the stored data's polarity (0 or 1). Switches at the wire's ends detect this direction and interpret it as binary data.

Question 56

List the factors that must be balanced in magnetic storage devices.

Answer 56

Magnetic decay Magnetic leakage Aerial density

Question 57

What are flat, circular platters with metallic coatings that are rotated beneath read/write heads called?

Answer 57

Magnetic disk

Question 58

What is a storage device imitating the behaviour of a magnetic disk drive, but uses flash RAM or other NVM devices called?

Answer 58

Solid-state drive

Question 59

Study the calculation of binary.

Answer 59

Chapter 8, page 4.

Question 60

What is data generated, sent, received, or stored by electronic means called?

Answer 60

Data message

Question 61

What is a message that controls some aspects of the communication process called?

Answer 61

Command message

Question 62

Name the set of rules and conventions governing the message transmission and reception.

Answer 62

Communication protocol

Question 63

Know the data communications model.

Answer 63

Chapter 8, page 8

Question 64

List the 3 characteristics of a sine wave.

Answer 64

Amplitude Phase Frequency

Question 65

What is data encoded in a carrier wave (e.g., wave encoded with data/bits) by varying one or more of the above characteristics called?

Answer 65

Modulation

Question 66

What is a data transmission event or group of events representing a bit or group of bits called?

Answer 66

A signal

Question 67

List the 4 modulation techniques.

Answer 67

Amplitude modulation (AM) - represents bit values as amplitude levels. Frequency modulation (FM) - represents bit values by wave frequency Phase-shift modulation - represents bit values as changes in the phase. Multilevel coding - encodes multiple-bit values in a single wave characteristic, such as frequency or amplitude.

Question 68

Know the diagrammatic representation of signals.

Answer 68

Chapter 8, page 17.

Question 69

What can contain one of a finite number of values in each signal event?

Answer 69

Digital signal

Question 70

What can represent only one of two possible values in each signal event?

Answer 70

Binary signal

Question 71

List the Two important differences between analogue and digital signals.

Answer 71

Data carrying capacity Susceptibility to error

Question 72

Know the elements of a communication channel.

Answer 72

Chapter 8, page 23.

Question 73

What is the communication pathway that physically carries signals from sender to receiver called?

Answer 73

Communication medium

Question 74

List the characteristics of all transmission media that affect their capability to transmit messages successfully and efficiently.

Answer 74

Speed and capacity Frequency Bandwidth Susceptibility to noise, distortion, and external interference.

Question 75

What is the amount of data that can be transferred from one point to another within a network in a specified amount of time called?

Answer 75

Bandwidth

Question 76

What are any unwanted signal components added to the data signal that might be misinterpreted as data called?

Answer 76

Noise

Question 77

What is the “extra” signal added to the original signal during transmission by “leakage” into the medium called?

Answer 77

Electromagnetic interference

Question 78

What is the loss of signal power as the signal travels through a transmission medium (due to resistance) called?

Answer 78

Attenuation

Question 79

What is the change in signal as it travels through a transmission medium called?

Answer 79

Distortion

Question 80

What uses a single transmission path between sender and receiver and is unidirectional?

Answer 80

Simplex mode

Question 81

What uses two transmission paths, one in each direction?

Answer 81

Full duplex mode

Question 82

What Uses a single transmission path between sender and receiver with a line turnaround?

Answer 82

Half-duplex mode

Question 83

Know the Configurations for simplex (a), half-duplex (b), and full-duplex (c) modes.

Answer 83

Chapter 8, Page 41.

Question 84

What is bit encoding and decoding is controlled by a clock called?

Answer 84

Clock synchronization

Question 85

Name the communication where the sender and receiver synchronize the start and duration of each bit value by referencing a common clock signal.

Answer 85

Synchronous communication.

Question 86

Name the communication where the sender and receiver devices are separated by greater distances and each device has its clock.

Answer 86

Asynchronous communication.

Question 87

What is the spatial organization of network devices, physical routing of network cabling, and flow of messages from one network node to another called?

Answer 87

Network Topology

Question 88

List the characteristics differentiating network topologies.

Answer 88

The length and routing of network cable Cost Susceptibility of the network to failure Data transfer performance Type of node connections

Question 89

Which topology directly connects every node to every other node (point-to-point link)?

Answer 89

Mesh Topology

Question 90

List the pros and cons of mesh topology.

Answer 90

Pros: Resistant to failure Reliable Cons: High setup costs Difficult admin

Question 91

Which topology directly connects every node to a single shared transmission line?

Answer 91

Bus topology

Question 92

List the pros and cons of bus topology.

Answer 92

Pros: Reliable Easy to setup Cons: Security issues

Question 93

Which topology directly connects every node to two other nodes with a set of links forming a loop or ring?

Answer 93

Ring topology

Question 94

List the pros and cons of ring topology.

Answer 94

Pros: Easy to identify faults High-speed transmission Cons: Multiple failure points

Question 95

Which topology directly connects every node to a central node (hub, switch, or router).

Answer 95

Star topology

Question 96

List the pros and cons of star topology.

Answer 96

Pros: Easy to identify faults Simple wiring Cons: High setup costs

Question 97

What is a request made by a user-level program to the operating system to perform a specific task called?

Answer 97

System call

Question 98

What manages resources and interacts directly with computer hardware?

Answer 98

The OS portion of the kernel

Question 99

What is it called when memory partition allocation and deallocation leads to an increasing number of small free partitions separated by allocated partitions?

Answer 99

Memory Fragmentation

Question 100

What specifies a client/server request and response language for copying files from one internet host to another?

Answer 100

File Transfer Protocol

Question 101

List the 3-layer architecture.

Answer 101

Data layer -manages stored data Business logic layer - carries out rules View layer - displays results

Question 102

List the commonly used security measures.

Answer 102

Physical security - locked doors and key cards Access controls - authorization and authentication Password controls and security Auditing Virus protection Software updates Firewalls

Question 103

What is a hardware device, software, or a combination of hardware and software that prevents unauthorized users in one network from accessing resources on another network called?

Answer 103

Firewall

Question 104

List the issues to be considered when choosing or preparing a location for hardware.

Answer 104

❑Electrical power ❑Heat dissipation ❑Moisture ❑Cable routing ❑Fire protection