R-doc and the P factor

Question 1

Who created the DSM?

Answer 1

American psychiatric Association

Question 2

Explain why there is a mission to move away from the DSM to a more dimensional approach and how this relates to the medical field

Answer 2

 1.People can be missed and the categorical approach is just about observations rather than looking at what’s going on beneath the surface. Medical field now looks at brain imaging to diagnose cancers etc

2. It doesn’t account for heterogeneity
3. Debate amongst clinicians, how to best diagnose as the criteria is limited.
4. Poor reliability and validity.
   

Question 3

What is heterogeneity?

Answer 3

Two people can have the same disorder, but for different reasons and can have symptoms manifest in different ways from each other 

Question 4

How did depression form?

Answer 4

From the four humours theory, melancholia described too much cola in the body and the hopeful to get rid of it, so that they could get rid of the depression

4 humours:
Blood
Phlegm
Yellow bile
Black bike 

Question 5

Describe the RDoc?

Answer 5

Developed by The framework to move to a more dimensional approach by focusing on the neuro biology of mental disorders, before focusing on other aspects.  Starting from DNA to neuro circuits and beyond.

As well as brain neurobiological, there are 6 , domains to consider

1.  negative valence (threat)
2. Positive valence (reward)
3. Cognitive systems (memory)
4. systems of social processes (attachment)
5. arousal (sleep)
6. sensor motor systems (motor skills)

Question 6

Describe the P factor

Answer 6

 when looking at child so I could pathology there was a focus on externalising symptoms, such as bullying and conduct disorders and internalising symptoms such as anxiety. Girls tended to have greater internalising symptoms then boys..

The factor is based off general intelligence factor G and has been shown to find evidence for prognosis and mental health can look like over the lifespan .  it can identify risk of developing disorder and help to find early intervention and treatment..

Associated with neuroticism and low agree Ness, but also can predict suicide attempts, hospitalisations, social welfare and violent criminal convictions.  also has evidence shown for both black and white groups.

P factor also associated with my line nation tract changes in the brain which is important for puberty, especially in the dorsal anterior singular which is responsible for introspection and set shifting

Question 7

How could the RDoc and p factor work together

Answer 7

Rdoc  could tell you what system in the brain, and which symptoms to target, then the P factor can give you a good general sense of psychopathology to understand a prognosis (cause and trajectory of a mental illness) 

Overall, more expensive in the short term, but less expensive in the long-term as there will hopefully be a few hospitalisations and crises. Plus more education