R2103 4.4 Describe how disease can be controlled Flashcards
2 methods for minimising effects of: Grey mould
- Products containing plant and fish oil blends (Vitax Organic 2 in 1) - may not have much impact [Chemical]
- Hygiene - remove dead and dying leaves, buds and flowers promptly [Physical]
- Reduce humidity and do not overcrowd plants [Cultural]
2 methods for minimising effects of: Strawberry powdery mildew
- Resitant cultivars ‘Pegasus’ [Cultural]
- Fungicides e.g. Potassium bicarbonate, sulphur dust, triticonazaole
- Promtply pruning out infected shoots [Cultural]
2 methods for minimising effects of: Damping off
- Sow thinly to avoid over crowding [Cultural]
- Use new pots and trays or if they are re-used disinfect with Jeyes Fluid [Cultural]
- Copper formulation ‘Cheshunt mixture’ [Chemical]
- Remember infection can occur pre-emergence and after emergence. Control humidity where seedlings are overcrowded
2 methods for minimising effects of: Honey fungus
- Destroy and burn infected material [Cultural]
- Physical barrier such as 45cm deep vertical strip of butyl rubber to stop rhizomorphs [physical]
- As we know rhizomorphs spread a long distance underground the physical barrier becomes important
2 methods for minimising effects of: Rose black spot
- Collect and destroy fallen leaves in autumn [Cultural]
- Fungicides containing tebuconazole and triticonazole [Chemical] Alternate chemicals to prevent build-up of resistance
2 methods for minimising effects of: Potato blight
1.Infected material to be burnt [cultural]
2.Earthing up potatoes to protect tubers [cultural]
3.Rotation to reduce risk of infection [cultural]
4. Bordeaux mixture [chemical]
5. Resistant cultivars e.g. Sarpo Axona [cultural]
6. In UK outbreaks occur from June onwards
2 methods for minimising effects of: Club root
- Buy plants that are guaranteed club-root free [cultural]
- Beware of spreading contaiminated soil on tools, wheel barrows or footwear [cultural]
- Reduce by liming [Cultural]
- Crop rotation [Cultural]
2 methods for minimising effects of: Hollyhock rust
- Dispose of infected plants [Cultural]
- Do not use seed from infected plants [Cultural]
- Fungicides tebuconazole and triticonazole. Needs regular application. [Chemical]
2 methods for minimising effects of: Apple and pear canker
- Raise soil pH as canker worse on acid soils [Cultural]
- Cut out affected material [Cultural]
- Bordeaux solution at bud burst (spring) and leaf fall (autumn)[chemical]
- Use a resistant cultivar e.g. Malus domestica ‘Cockle Pippin’
2 methods for minimising effects of: Fireblight
- Prune out and burn infections promptly [Cultural]
- Wipe pruning tools with disinfectant e.g. Jeyes Fluid [Cultural]
- Removal of hawthorn hedges close to pear orchards
2 methods for minimising effects of: bacterial canker on prunus
- Prune in July/August when tissue are most resistant [Cultural]
- Cut out infected areas, use a wound paste, and burn. [Cultural]
- Bordeaux mixture [Chemical]
- Resistant cultivar Prunus avium ‘Merton Glory’
2 methods for minimising effects of: Potato leaf curl virus and peach potato aphid
- Control aphid vectors that spread virus e.g. deltamethrin [Chemical]
- Use of resistant cultivars e.g. Valor [Cultural]
- Do not grow crops from last years tubers [Cultural]
2 methods for minimising effects of: tobacco mosaic virus
- Resistant cultivars e.g. ‘Estrella’
- Peat growing bag and nutrient film methods enable grower to avoid soil infection on roots
- Hands and tools washed in soapy water after working with infected plants [cultural]
- Place plastic sheet on top of the soil to lie fallow and ‘cook’ under the sun for several months to the kill the virus [Physical]
2 methods of avoid the spread of plant viruses
- Virus management targeted to control of the virus vectors
- Planting certified seed will help reduce the risk the virus on the growing crop
- Using resistant cultivars
- Removal of infected plants
- Keeping tools clean
