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Gen Biology 1 > R4 Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cell > Flashcards

R4 Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cell Flashcards

1
Q

simple, unicelluar organism that lacks a nucleus, or any membrane-bound organelle

A

Prokaryote

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2
Q

where would you find the prokaryotic DNA and is the central part of the cell

A

Nucleoid

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3
Q

has peptodoglycan cell wall and polysaccharide capsule

A

Prokaryote

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4
Q

extra layer of protection, aid the cell maintain its shape and prevent dehydration

A

Cell Wall (Peptodoglycan)

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5
Q

enables the cell to attach to surfaces in its environment

A

Capsule (Polysaccharide)

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6
Q

used for locomotion

A

Flagella

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7
Q

exchange of genetic material during a type of reproduction (?)

A

Pili (conjugation)

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8
Q

used by bacteria to attach to a host cell

A

Fimbriae

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9
Q

diameter of prokaryotic cell and it allows what

A

0.1 to 5.0 um, allowing faster diffusion of ions and organic molecules, as well as wastes

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10
Q

diameter of eukaryotic cell and it allows what

A

10 to 100 um, adapted different structural adaptation to enhance intracellular transport

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11
Q

have membrane bound nucleus
numerous membrane-bound organelles
several rod-shape chromosomes

A

Eukaryotic Cell

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12
Q

little organ

A

organelles, ex endoplasmic reticulum

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13
Q

houses the cell’s DNA and directs ribosome and protein synthesis
stores chromatin (DNA+protein)

A

Nucleus

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14
Q

gel-like substance that stores the chromatin, in the nucleus

A

Nucleoplasm

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15
Q

condensed region of chromatin where ribosome synthesis occurs

A

Nucleolus

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16
Q

double-membrane structure that constitutes the out-most portion of the nucleus

A

Nuclear Envelope

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17
Q

punctuated with pores that control the passage of ions, molecules, and RNA between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm

A

Nuclear Envelope

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18
Q

punctuated with pores that control the passage of ions, molecules, and RNA between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm

A

Nuclear Envelope

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19
Q

semi-solid fluid inside the nucleus

A

nucleoplasm

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20
Q

small, round organelles enclosed by single membranes
carry out oxidation reactions that break down fatty acids and amino acids
detoxify many poisons that enter the body

A

Peroxisomes

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21
Q

specialized peroxisomes in plants, responsibles for converting stored fats into sugars

A

Glyoxysomes

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22
Q

membrane-bound sacs that function in storage and transport

A

vesicles and vacuoles

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23
Q

which among vesicles and vacuoles is larger?

A

Vacuoles

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24
Q

which membrane-bound sacs can fuse with the plasma membrane or other membrane systems

A

Vesicles

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25
Q

which membrane-bound sacs does not fuse with the membranes of other cellular components

A

Vacuoles

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26
Q

group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells; to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins

A

Endomembrane System

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27
Q

what compose the endomembrane system

A

nuclear envelope, lysosomes, vesicles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and plasma membrane

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28
Q

series of interconnected membrane sacs and collectively tubules that modify proteins and synthesize lipids

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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29
Q

hollow portion of the endoplasmic reticulum tubules

A

Lumen or cisternal space

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30
Q

____? membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, a phospolipid bilayer with protein continuous to ____

A

Lumen or cisternal space, Nuclear Envelope

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31
Q

sorting, tagging, packaging, and distribution of lipids and proteins take place, a series of flattened membranes

A

Golgi Apparatus

32
Q

1.) receiving side of the Golgi apparatus
2.) the opposite side of the Golgi apparatus– transport

A

1.) cis face
2.) trans face

33
Q

explain the process of the transportation in the Golgi apparatus

A

transport vesicles that formed in the endoplasmic reticulum travel to the cis face, fuse with it, and empty their contents into the lumen. as proteins and lipids travel by Golgi, they undergo further modifications that allow to be sorted

34
Q

digestive component and organelle recycling facility of animal cells
use their hydrolytic enzymes to destroy pathogens

A

Lysosomes

35
Q

group of white blood cells- part of the body’s immune system

A

Macrophages

36
Q

name of the process wherein a pathogen is destroyed

A

phagocytosis or endocytosis

37
Q

explain the process of phagocytosis or endocytosis

A

section of the plasma membrane of the macrophages folds in and engulfs the pathogen
then, invaginated section with the pathogen will pinches itself off the plasma membrane and become a vesicle
then, it fuses with the lysosome and its hydolytic enzymes will destroy it

38
Q

network of protein fibers, within the cytoplasm, there are ions and organic molecules, plus a network of protein fibers that aid maintain the shape of the cell, secure some organelles in specific positions, allow cytoplasm and vesicles to move and enables cells within multicellular organism to move

A

Cytoskeleton

39
Q

narrowest
function in cellular movement
(?) nm diameter
made of two intertwined strands of globular protein (?)
actin filaments

A

Microfilaments (actin), 7 nm

40
Q

what powers actin to assemble its filamentous form

A

ATP

41
Q

serves as a track for the movement of a motor protein (?)

A

filamentous form of actin (myosin)

42
Q

actin and myosin is plentiful where

A

muscle cells

43
Q

what happens when actin and myosin slide past each other

A

muscle contracts

44
Q

made of several strands of fibrous proteins that are wound together
(?) to (?) nm diameter, between microfilaments and microtubules

A

Intermediate Filaments, 8 to 10

45
Q

small hollow tubes
made of polymerized dimers of alpha-tubulin and beta-tubulin, two globular proteins
(?) nm diameter, widest among the cytoskeleton

A

Microtubules, 25

46
Q

no role in cell movement
function purely structural
maintaining shape of cell and anchor nucleus and other organelles
most diverse group of the cytoskeleton
fibrous protein are found here, like keratin

A

Intermediate Filaments

47
Q

help cell resist compression
provide track along which vesicles move through the cell
pull replicated chromosome to opposite ends of the dividing cell
dissolve and reform quickly
structural elements of flagella, cilia and centrioles

A

Microtubules

48
Q

microtubule- organizing center

A

centrosome

49
Q

long, hair-like structures that extend from the plasma membrane and are used to move an entire cell

A

Flagella

50
Q

how many flagella are in the cell

A

just one flagellum or few flagella

51
Q

extend along the entire surface of the plasma membrane
short, hair-like structures
used to move entire cells or substances along the outer surface of the cell

A

Cilia

52
Q

common structure of flagella and cilia

A

9 + 2 array

53
Q

explain the 9+2 array

A

single flagellum or cilium is made of a ring of
nine microtubule doublets, surrounding a single microtubule doublet in the center

54
Q

structures within the nucleus that are made up of DNA

A

Chromosomes

55
Q

in prokaryotic cell, DNA is organized into ____

A

single circular chromosomes

56
Q

in eukaryotic cells, ______

A

chromosomes are linear structures

57
Q

_____ _____ have specific number of chromosomes

A

Eukaryotic species

58
Q

example of specific number of chromosomes

A

humans have 46 chromosomes, fruit flies have 8

59
Q

only visible and distinguishable from another when the ____

A

cell is getting ready to divide

60
Q

when cells are in its growth and maintenance phases in its life, ____ are attached to the _____, and they resemble an ____

A

proteins, chromosomes; unwound, jumbled bunch of thread

61
Q

unwound protein-chromosome complexes

A

Chromatin

62
Q

describes the material that makes up the chromosomes both when condensed and decondensed

A

Chromatin

63
Q

darkly straining area within the nucleus, aggregates the ribosomal RNA with the associated proteins to assemble the ribosomal subunits that are transported out through the pores in the nuclear envelope to the cytoplasm

A

Nucleolus

64
Q

responsible for making _______ ATP

A

Mitochondria, adenosine triphosphate

65
Q

“powerhouse or energy factories”

A

Mitochondria

66
Q

cell’s main energy carrying molecule

A

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

67
Q

process of making ATP using chemical energy found in ____ and _____

A

Cellular Respiration, glucose and other nutrients

68
Q

process uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide as waste product

A

Cellular Respiration

69
Q

what happens when cells don’t get enough oxygen

A

when cells don’t get enough oxygen, a lot of ATP cannot be produced. instead small amounts of ATP are produced in the absence of oxygen partnered with Lactic Acid

70
Q

oval-shaped, double membrane organelles that have its own ribosome and DNA

A

Mitochondria

71
Q

each membrane is a phospholipid bilayer _____ with ____

A

Mitochondria, embedded with proteins

72
Q

inner layer of the mitochondria has folds

A

Cristae

73
Q

area surrounded by the folds

A

Mitochondrial Matrix

74
Q

____ and ____ have different role in cellular respiration

A

Cristae & Mitochondrial Matrix

75
Q

side of the endoplasmic reticulum that modifies proteins

A

Rough side of the Endoplasmic Reticulum

76
Q

side of the endoplasmic reticulum that synthesize lipids

A

Smooth side of the Endoplasmic Reticulum

77
Q

membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, which is a phospholipid bilayer that is continuous to the nuclear envelope

A

Lumen or cisternal space

Gen Biology 1 (4 decks)

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