Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Gen Biology 1 > R4 Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cell > Flashcards

R4 Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cell Flashcards

(77 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

simple, unicelluar organism that lacks a nucleus, or any membrane-bound organelle

A

Prokaryote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where would you find the prokaryotic DNA and is the central part of the cell

A

Nucleoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

has peptodoglycan cell wall and polysaccharide capsule

A

Prokaryote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

extra layer of protection, aid the cell maintain its shape and prevent dehydration

A

Cell Wall (Peptodoglycan)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

enables the cell to attach to surfaces in its environment

A

Capsule (Polysaccharide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

used for locomotion

A

Flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

exchange of genetic material during a type of reproduction (?)

A

Pili (conjugation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

used by bacteria to attach to a host cell

A

Fimbriae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

diameter of prokaryotic cell and it allows what

A

0.1 to 5.0 um, allowing faster diffusion of ions and organic molecules, as well as wastes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

diameter of eukaryotic cell and it allows what

A

10 to 100 um, adapted different structural adaptation to enhance intracellular transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

have membrane bound nucleus
numerous membrane-bound organelles
several rod-shape chromosomes

A

Eukaryotic Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

little organ

A

organelles, ex endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

houses the cell’s DNA and directs ribosome and protein synthesis
stores chromatin (DNA+protein)

A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

gel-like substance that stores the chromatin, in the nucleus

A

Nucleoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

condensed region of chromatin where ribosome synthesis occurs

A

Nucleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

double-membrane structure that constitutes the out-most portion of the nucleus

A

Nuclear Envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

punctuated with pores that control the passage of ions, molecules, and RNA between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm

A

Nuclear Envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

punctuated with pores that control the passage of ions, molecules, and RNA between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm

A

Nuclear Envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

semi-solid fluid inside the nucleus

A

nucleoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

small, round organelles enclosed by single membranes
carry out oxidation reactions that break down fatty acids and amino acids
detoxify many poisons that enter the body

A

Peroxisomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

specialized peroxisomes in plants, responsibles for converting stored fats into sugars

A

Glyoxysomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

membrane-bound sacs that function in storage and transport

A

vesicles and vacuoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

which among vesicles and vacuoles is larger?

A

Vacuoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

which membrane-bound sacs can fuse with the plasma membrane or other membrane systems

A

Vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
which membrane-bound sacs does not fuse with the membranes of other cellular components
Vacuoles
26
group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells; to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins
Endomembrane System
27
what compose the endomembrane system
nuclear envelope, lysosomes, vesicles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and plasma membrane
28
series of interconnected membrane sacs and collectively tubules that modify proteins and synthesize lipids
Endoplasmic Reticulum
29
hollow portion of the endoplasmic reticulum tubules
Lumen or cisternal space
30
____? membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, a phospolipid bilayer with protein continuous to ____
Lumen or cisternal space, Nuclear Envelope
31
sorting, tagging, packaging, and distribution of lipids and proteins take place, a series of flattened membranes
Golgi Apparatus
32
1.) receiving side of the Golgi apparatus 2.) the opposite side of the Golgi apparatus-- transport
1.) cis face 2.) trans face
33
explain the process of the transportation in the Golgi apparatus
transport vesicles that formed in the endoplasmic reticulum travel to the cis face, fuse with it, and empty their contents into the lumen. as proteins and lipids travel by Golgi, they undergo further modifications that allow to be sorted
34
digestive component and organelle recycling facility of animal cells use their hydrolytic enzymes to destroy pathogens
Lysosomes
35
group of white blood cells- part of the body's immune system
Macrophages
36
name of the process wherein a pathogen is destroyed
phagocytosis or endocytosis
37
explain the process of phagocytosis or endocytosis
section of the plasma membrane of the macrophages folds in and engulfs the pathogen then, invaginated section with the pathogen will pinches itself off the plasma membrane and become a vesicle then, it fuses with the lysosome and its hydolytic enzymes will destroy it
38
network of protein fibers, within the cytoplasm, there are ions and organic molecules, plus a network of protein fibers that aid maintain the shape of the cell, secure some organelles in specific positions, allow cytoplasm and vesicles to move and enables cells within multicellular organism to move
Cytoskeleton
39
narrowest function in cellular movement (?) nm diameter made of two intertwined strands of globular protein (?) actin filaments
Microfilaments (actin), 7 nm
40
what powers actin to assemble its filamentous form
ATP
41
serves as a track for the movement of a motor protein (?)
filamentous form of actin (myosin)
42
actin and myosin is plentiful where
muscle cells
43
what happens when actin and myosin slide past each other
muscle contracts
44
made of several strands of fibrous proteins that are wound together (?) to (?) nm diameter, between microfilaments and microtubules
Intermediate Filaments, 8 to 10
45
small hollow tubes made of polymerized dimers of alpha-tubulin and beta-tubulin, two globular proteins (?) nm diameter, widest among the cytoskeleton
Microtubules, 25
46
no role in cell movement function purely structural maintaining shape of cell and anchor nucleus and other organelles most diverse group of the cytoskeleton fibrous protein are found here, like keratin
Intermediate Filaments
47
help cell resist compression provide track along which vesicles move through the cell pull replicated chromosome to opposite ends of the dividing cell dissolve and reform quickly structural elements of flagella, cilia and centrioles
Microtubules
48
microtubule- organizing center
centrosome
49
long, hair-like structures that extend from the plasma membrane and are used to move an entire cell
Flagella
50
how many flagella are in the cell
just one flagellum or few flagella
51
extend along the entire surface of the plasma membrane short, hair-like structures used to move entire cells or substances along the outer surface of the cell
Cilia
52
common structure of flagella and cilia
9 + 2 array
53
explain the 9+2 array
single flagellum or cilium is made of a ring of nine microtubule doublets, surrounding a single microtubule doublet in the center
54
structures within the nucleus that are made up of DNA
Chromosomes
55
in prokaryotic cell, DNA is organized into ____
single circular chromosomes
56
in eukaryotic cells, ______
chromosomes are linear structures
57
_____ _____ have specific number of chromosomes
Eukaryotic species
58
example of specific number of chromosomes
humans have 46 chromosomes, fruit flies have 8
59
only visible and distinguishable from another when the ____
cell is getting ready to divide
60
when cells are in its growth and maintenance phases in its life, ____ are attached to the _____, and they resemble an ____
proteins, chromosomes; unwound, jumbled bunch of thread
61
unwound protein-chromosome complexes
Chromatin
62
describes the material that makes up the chromosomes both when condensed and decondensed
Chromatin
63
darkly straining area within the nucleus, aggregates the ribosomal RNA with the associated proteins to assemble the ribosomal subunits that are transported out through the pores in the nuclear envelope to the cytoplasm
Nucleolus
64
responsible for making _______ ATP
Mitochondria, adenosine triphosphate
65
"powerhouse or energy factories"
Mitochondria
66
cell's main energy carrying molecule
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
67
process of making ATP using chemical energy found in ____ and _____
Cellular Respiration, glucose and other nutrients
68
process uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide as waste product
Cellular Respiration
69
what happens when cells don’t get enough oxygen
when cells don’t get enough oxygen, a lot of ATP cannot be produced. instead small amounts of ATP are produced in the absence of oxygen partnered with Lactic Acid
70
oval-shaped, double membrane organelles that have its own ribosome and DNA
Mitochondria
71
each membrane is a phospholipid bilayer _____ with ____
Mitochondria, embedded with proteins
72
inner layer of the mitochondria has folds
Cristae
73
area surrounded by the folds
Mitochondrial Matrix
74
____ and ____ have different role in cellular respiration
Cristae & Mitochondrial Matrix
75
side of the endoplasmic reticulum that modifies proteins
Rough side of the Endoplasmic Reticulum
76
side of the endoplasmic reticulum that synthesize lipids
Smooth side of the Endoplasmic Reticulum
77
membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, which is a phospholipid bilayer that is continuous to the nuclear envelope
Lumen or cisternal space

Gen Biology 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions