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RA 11166 book Flashcards

1
Q

In the philippines hiv and aids are sears have concerns. What does these mean?

A

human immunodeficiency virus
acquired immune deficiency syndrome

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2
Q

To date, it is the only disease in the country that has its own law.

A

AIDS

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3
Q

HIV is believed to have originated in the ________ the most common form of this virus was transmitted from chimpanzees to humans during the height of bush meat trading in the early 1900s.

A

Democratic Republic of Congo

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4
Q

however it was only in 1)______ that AIDS was first described.

In 2)______ the first case of transfusion associated aids was found in an infant.

3)______, the first case of hiv infection in the philippines was reported

A

1) 1979
2) 1982
3) 1984

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5
Q

______, hiv testing became a mandatory screening test for blood units pursuant to _______.

A

1989
Administrative Order No. 57 series of 1989

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6
Q

PNAC

A

Philippine National AIDS Council

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7
Q

______,PNAC was created by virtue of E.O. No._______. The PNAC was tasked to provide the comprehensive approach to the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines.

A

December 3, 1992
E.O. No.39 series of 1992

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8
Q

On __________, R.A. No. 8504, otherwise known as _______, came into law. This is the first law intended to prevent and control the spread of AIDS. It also reconstituted the PNAC

A

February 13, 1998
Philippine HIV and AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998

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9
Q

R.A No. 11166, known as ____, was approved and became law on _____.

A

Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act
December 20, 2018

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10
Q

What is RA No. 11166?

A
  1. Strengthens the Philippine Comprehensive Policy on human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome prevention, treatment, care, and support.
  2. Reconstitutes the PNAC
  3. Repeals RA No. 8504
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11
Q

_____ is a retrovirus that infects cells of the human immune system and destroys or impairs the cells function. Infection with this results in the progressive deterioration of the immune system leading to immune deficiency.

A

HIV

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12
Q

Refers to health condition wherein a deficiency in (caused by the immune system the human immunodeficiency virus or HIV) makes an individual susceptible to opportunistic infections.

A

AIDS

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13
Q

is the transfer of hiv from one infected person to an uninfected individual through activities such as unprotected sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, sharing contaminated intravenous needles, or during pregnancy, delivery, and breastfeeding.

A

HIV transmission

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14
Q

Safe sex practices

A

Postponing sexual debut
use of female or male condoms
minimizing the no. of sexual partners
non-penatrative sex

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15
Q

Is an agency attached to the DOH that is primarily task to ensure implementation of the country’s response to the HIV and AIDS situation

A

PNAC
Philippine National AIDS Council

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16
Q

composition of PNAC

*The SECRETARY OF HEALTH shall be the permanent chairperson of the PNAC.

*However, the vice-chairperson shall be elected from the government agency members and shall serve for term of 3 years.

*members representing civil society organizations shall serve for term of 3 years renewable upon recommendation to council for maximum of two consecutive terms.

*except for members from government agencies, the members of the PNAC shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines. The heads of government agencies may be represented by an official whose rank shall not be lower than an assistant secretary or its equivalent.

A
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17
Q

refers to the office, premises, or work site where workers are habitually employed and shall include the office or place where workers with no fixed or definite worksite regularly report for assignment in the course of their employment.

A

workplace

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18
Q

are groups suffering from vulnerabilities such as unequal opportunities, social exclusion, poverty, unemployment, and other similar socioeconomic, cultural, and political conditions that increase the susceptibility to HIV infection and AIDS.

A

vulnerable communities

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19
Q

refer to groups or persons who have a higher risk of HIV exposure, or affected troops whose behavior makes them likely to be exposed to HIV or to transmit the virus.

A

key affected populations

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20
Q

refers to any agent or device used to prevent the transmission of infection

A

prophylactic

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21
Q

PLHIV’S

A

people living with HIV

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22
Q

READ preventive measures for HIV

A
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23
Q

read guidelines and standards precautions on the donation of blood tissues or organs

A
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24
Q

Is an act of liberality whereby a person disposes gratuitously of a thing or right in favor of another who accepts it.

Gratuitous- when the reason for the donation is merely liberality or generosity.

onerous- when it is burdened with charges or future services equal in value of the item donated.

A

donation

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25
Q

under RA No.____, once a blood unit has been tested or screened by blood centers, it shall not be retested.

A

RA No.7719

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26
Q

lawful consent to HIV testing of a donated human body, organ tissue, or blood shall be considered as having been given when:

  1. a person volunteers or freely agrees to donate
  2. a legacy and a donation are executed in accordance with sections 3 and 4 respectively, of RA No. 7170, otherwise known as the Organ Donation Act of 1991.
A
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27
Q

The HIV/AIDS law provides for two types of consent or waiver:

1._____which is the written consent from the person taking the test and which must be obtained first before hiv testing.
2._____which is the consent that is indirectly given by reason of operation of law.

A

express consent
implied consent

28
Q

who can give a consent?

A

any person who is at least 15 years of age has the authority to give consent to take hiv testing

for individuals below 15 years of age or are mentally incapacitated consent may be obtained from the child’s parents and legal guardian. if the child’s parents are legal guardian cannot be located or refused to give consent the consent must be obtained from a licensed social or health worker and with assent of the child for the protection of the latter’s interest.

even if the person is below 15 years of age the minor may still give consent to take hiv testing provided that the minor is pregnant or engaged in high risk behavior and is duly assisted by a licensed social or health worker.

29
Q

refers to the concept and shrined in article 5 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, recognizing the developmental changes and the corresponding progress in cognitive abilities and capacity for self determination undergone by children as they grow up thus requiring parents and others charged with responsibility for the child to provide varying degrees of protection and to allow their participation in opportunities for autonomous decision making.

A

evolving capacities of the child

30
Q

under the concept of evolving capacities of the child, a child refers to a minor who is at least 15 years old but less than 18 years of age

A
31
Q

refers to the legal principle that recognizes the capacity of some minors to consent independently to medical procedures if they have been assessed by qualified health professionals to understand the nature of procedures and their consequences to make a decision on their own

A

Mature Minor Doctrine

32
Q

under the mature minor doctrine a minor refers to:
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. a child who is less than 15 years of age
  2. a young person who is pregnant or engaged in high risk behavior
  3. a young person who is duly assisted by a licensed social or health worker at the time of testing
33
Q

Mature Minor Principle is also known as the Gillick Principle or Gillick Competence which was decided in a 1986 case by the English House of the Lords

A
34
Q

refers to any facility based mobile medical procedure or community based screening modalities that are conducted to determine the presence or absence of hiv in a person’s body.

A

HIV testing

35
Q

refers to the absence of HIV or HIV antibodies upon HIV testing.

A

HIV-negative

36
Q

refers to the presence of HIV infection as confirmed by the HIV and HIV antibodies present in the sample being tested

A

HIV-positive

37
Q

HIV testing may be voluntary or compulsory

refers to testing done on an individual who after having undergone free test counseling willingly submits to such test.

occurs when the test is imposed upon an individual without consent and utilizes force or intimidation as well as requiring the test copy requisite for employment or other purposes and other circumstances when an informed choice is absent

A

voluntary HIV testing
compulsory HIV testing

38
Q

HIV testing covers two aspects the screening and the confirmatory test.

____refers to initial serologic test performed to determine the presence of antibodies against HIV 1 and HIV 2.
it includes but is not limited to enzyme immunoassay (EIA), particle agglutination test (PA), rapid immunoassays, and other screening tests for hiv antibody.

____refers to the test performed on samples reactive to the screening test to ensure that results are true positive. it includes but is not limited to western blot (WB), line immunoassay (LIA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

A

screening test
confirmatory test

39
Q

reactive samples are referred for confirmatory testing to the ____.

however active samples for blood units/blood donors are turned over for confirmatory testing to the ____.

A

NRL-SACCL/SLH
National reference laboratory- STD/ AIDS Cooperative Central Laboratory of the San Lazaro Hospital

NRL-RITM
National Reference Laboratory- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine

40
Q

the hiv testing laboratory should have a licensed medical technologist with a training in hiv proficiency testing certified by the NRL-SACCL/SLH.

VALID FOR 3 YEARS

A
41
Q

what is the rule regarding compulsory hiv testing?

as a general rule compulsory hiv testing is prohibited by law. as an exception to the general rule compulsory hiv shall be followed only in the following instances:

  1. when it is necessary to test a person who is charged with any of the offences punishable under Articles 264 and 266 on serious and slight physical injuries, an article 335 and 338 on rape and simple seduction, both of act number 8315 or the Revised Penal Code as amended and as also amended by RA No. 8553 otherwise known as The Anti-rape Law of 1997
  2. when it is necessary to resolve relevant issues under EO no. 209, The Family Code of the Philippines.
  3. as a prerequisite in the donation of blood in compliance with the provisions of RA. No. 7170 Organ Donation Act of 1991 and RA No. 7719 The National Blood Services Act of 1994.
A
42
Q

refers to the interpersonal and dynamic communication process between a client and a trained counselor.

A

HIV counseling

43
Q

what are the two phases of HIV counseling?

  1. refers to the process of providing an individual with information on the biomedical aspects of HIV/AIDS and emotional support for any psychological implications of undergoing HIV testing and the test result itself before the individual is subjected to the test.
  2. refers to the process of providing risk reduction information and emotional support to a person who submits to HIV testing at the time the result is released.
A
  1. Pre-test counseling
  2. Post-test counseling
44
Q

ART refers to the treatment that stops or suppresses the replication of retroviruses such as HIV, thereby slowing the progression of infection.

A

anti-retroviral therapy

45
Q

refer to private and public hospitals or medical establishments accredited by the doh to have the capacity and facilities to provide treatment and care services to PLHIV.

A

treatment hubs

46
Q

what are the treatment program of the doh

  1. refers to the use of prescription drugs as a strategy for the prevention of HIV infection by people who do not have HIV and AIDS.
  2. refers to a preventive medical treatment started immediately after exposure to a pathogen in order to prevent infection and the development of the disease
A
  1. pre-exposure prophylaxis
  2. post-exposure prophylaxis
47
Q

refers to the core duty of medical practice where the information provided by the patient to help practitioner and his or her health status is kept private and is not divulged to third parties

A

medical confidentiality

48
Q

the following acts violate confidentiality and privacy:

  1. disclosure of confidential hiv and aids information without written consent of the PLHIV
  2. media disclosure without written consent of the PLHIV
A
49
Q

exception to the confidentiality rule:

  1. compliance with reportorial requirements of the DOH
  2. informing other health workers directly involved in the treatment or care of a PLHIV
  3. responding to subpoenas

subpoena duces tecum- a court directive or an individual is directed to produce and present documents listed in the subpoena relating to the hiv status of a person

subpoena ad testificandum-escort directive where an individual named in the subpoena is directed to testify on matters relating to the hiv status of a person

A
50
Q

refers to the process by which the index client source or patient who has a sexually transmitted infection or STI including HIV is given support in order to notify and advise the partners who have been exposed to infection.

A

partner notification

51
Q

refers to unfair or unjust treatment that distinguishes excludes restricts or shows preferences based on any ground such as sex gender age sexual orientation gender identity….

A

discrimination

52
Q

refers to the way a person communicates gender identity to others through behavior, clothing, hairstyles, communication, or speech pattern or body characteristics

A

gender expression

53
Q

refers to the personal sense of identity as characterized among others by manner of clothing, inclinations, and behavior in relation to masculine or feminine conventions

A

gender identity

54
Q

refers to the direction of emotional, sexual attraction, or conductor’s people of the same sex or towards people of both sexes or towards people of the opposite sex or to the absence of sexual attraction.

A

sexual orientation

55
Q

refers to the dynamic devaluation and the humanization of an individual in the eyes of others, which may be based on attributes that are arbitrarily defined by others as discrete databable or unworthy and which results in discrimination when acted upon.

A

stigma

56
Q

refers to any severe or repeated use by one or more persons of a written verbal or electronic expression or physical act or gesture

A

bullying

57
Q

what are the acts and practices that are constitute discrimination?

  1. ____ the rejection of job application termination of employment or other discriminatory policies in hiring….
A

discrimination in the workplace

58
Q

what are the acts and practices that are constitute discrimination?

  1. ____refusal of admission expulsion segregation in position of harsh disciplinary action or denial of benefits or services to a student or a prospective student
A

discrimination in learning institutions

59
Q

what are the acts and practices that constitute discrimination?

  1. ____. restrictions on travel within the philippines refusal of lawful entry to philippine territory…
A

restriction on travel and habitation

60
Q

what are the acts and practices that are constitute discrimination?

  1. ____. restrictions on housing or lodging whether permanent or temporary solely or partially on the basis of actual perceived or suspected HIV status.
A

restrictions on shelter

61
Q

what are the acts and practices that are constitute discrimination?

  1. ____ Prohibition on the right to seek an elective or appointative public office solely or partially on the basis of actual perceived or suspected HIV status
A

prohibition from seeking or holding public office

62
Q

what are the acts and practices that are constitute discrimination?

  1. ____ exclusion from health accident or life insurance or credit and loan services
A

exclusion from credit and insurance services

63
Q

what are the acts and practices that are constitute discrimination?

  1. ____ denial of health services are being charges with a higher fee on the basis of actual perceived or suspected hiv status
A

discrimination in hospitals and health institutions

64
Q

what are the acts and practices that are constitute discrimination?

  1. ____ denial of embalming and burial services for a deceased person who has HIV or AIDS
A

denial of burial services

65
Q

what are the acts and practices that are constitute discrimination?

  1. ____ .bullying in all forms including name calling upon a person based on actual perceived or suspected hiv status
  2. other similar or analogous discriminatory acts.
A

act of bullying

MTLBE (2 decks)

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