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Anaesthesia > Rabbit, Rodent and Ferret Anaesthesia > Flashcards

Rabbit, Rodent and Ferret Anaesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

Outline the challenges directly linked to the size of small patients in anaesthesia…

A 
Venous access
Intubation
Thermoregulation
Anaesthetic monitoring
Significance of haemorrhage
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2
Q

Outline the major challenges in rodent anaesthesia…

A 
Easily stressed
Disease often subclinical
Difficult to assess pain
Rapid metabolism
Post anaesthetic ileus common
Short lifespan
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3
Q

Outline the major pre-anaesthetic considerations in rodents…

A

Perform a full clinical examination to identify underlying problems
Obtain an accurate weight (gram scale)
Bloods useful but impractical

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4
Q

Outline stabilisation of the rodent…

A 
Oxygen
Warmth
Fluid therapy
Nutritional support
Analgesia
Treatment of any underlying disease
Gut stimulants
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5
Q

From which veins may blood be taken in the rabbit?

A

Lateral saphenous vein

Some will tolerate jugular

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6
Q

For how long can a ferret be fasted, and why?

A

<4 hours - fast gastrointestinal transit, get hypoglycaemic quickly

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7
Q

Where is a rabbit IV placed?

A

Marginal ear vein (always use local anaesthetic)

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8
Q

How can you increase fluid absorption in the rodent?

A

Warming fluids

Add hyaluronidase

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9
Q

Why is fasting not necessary in the rabbit?

A

Can’t vomit

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10
Q

Outline the available options for analgesia in small animals…

A

NSAIDs
Opioids
Tramadol

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11
Q

What is ranitidine?

A

Gut stimulant

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12
Q

Outline the advantages of gaseous induction in small mammal anaesthesia…

A

Rapid
Rapid adjustment to anaesthetic depth possible
Rapid recovery
Useful in patients with hepatic/renal compromise

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13
Q

Outline the disadvantages of gaseous induction in small mammal anaesthesia…

A

Apnoea (resulting hypoxia may be fatal in rabbits)
Stress on induction
Dose-dependent cardiopulmonary depression
Irritates mucous membranes
No analgesia

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14
Q

Outline the signs of pain in small prey animals…

A

Eyes closed
Tucked up face
Whiskers/cheeks flattened
Ear position

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15
Q

How can gaseous induction be improved in small mammals?

A

Premedication
Opioid and midazolam combination
Hypnorm (low dose)
Sevoflurane (less irritant than isoflurane)
Reduce stress (quiet, dimly lit induction room)

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16
Q

What is hypnorm?

A

Only licensed sedative for rabbits and rodents

Fentanyl and fluanisone

17
Q

Outline the effects of hypnorm

A

Deep sedation
Respiratory depression
Long recovery

18
Q

Outline the benefits of intramuscular/subcutaneous induction with an alpha-2 agonist, ketamine, and an opioid in small mammal anaesthesia…

A

Deep sedation
Good analgesia
Easily reversed (rapid recovery)

19
Q

Outline the disadvantages of intramuscular/subcutaneous induction with an alpha-2 agonist, ketamine, and an opioid in small mammal anaesthesia…

A

Respiratory depression

Bradycardia

20
Q

Give 2 agents suitable for intravenous induction for small mammals…

A

Propofol

Alfaxalone

21
Q

Outline the benefits of intravenous induction in small mammal anaesthesia…

A

Rapid induction

Rapid recovery

22
Q

Outline the disadvantages of intravenous induction in small mammal anaesthesia…

A

Intravenous access required
Significant respiratory depression if infused quickly
Additional analgesia necessary

23
Q

What is the palatal ostium?

A

Soft palate fused to base of tongue (guinea pigs)

24
Q

Outline the technique of blind intubation in small mammals…

A 
Pre-oxygenate
Check mouth for debris
Position rabbit with nose to ceiling
Introduce tube and listen for breathing sounds
Advance towards sounds
25
Q

Why is intubation not routinely performed in rodents…

A

Narrow gape

Palatal ostium

26
Q

Give the rate of IPPV for a rodent…

A

20-50 breaths per minute (ideally based on capnography)

27
Q

Outline how and why the fluid rates of small animals differ from those of dogs/cats…

A

Double that of dog/cat due to faster metabolic rate

28
Q

Above what value should you aim to maintain systolic blood pressure in small mammal anaesthesia?

A

90 mmHg

29
Q

What are the most common intra-anaesthetic problems of small mammal anaesthesia?

A 
Apnoea
Cardiac arrest (follows apnoea)
Hypothermia (longer procedures)
30
Q

When do most anaesthetic problems occur?

A

Recovery

31
Q

How can you minimise the risk of post-anaesthetic ileus in small mammals?

A

Low-stress hospital environment
Gut stimulants
Nutritional support
Sufficient analgesia

Anaesthesia (9 decks)

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