Rabies Test Flashcards
(31 cards)
What kind of virus is Rabies?
Enveloped RNA
Rhabdovirus Family
Lyssa virus genus
What kind of dz is Rabies?
Acute viral neurological dz that affects all mammals
What are the clinical signs of Rabies?
Encephalitis Behavior change Wound licking Aggressive Progressive paralysis Death
Is Rabies Zoonotic? Reportable?
Yes, yes
What is Rabies resistance like?
Virus dies w/in 2 hours in dried saliva
Will survive in nervous tissue 24-48 hours at room temp
How does Rabies spread?
- Bites
- Non-bite exposure (scratches, abrasions, open wounds)
- Aerosol
Virus NOT passed in blood, feces, urine
Does Rabies have a vector? Reservoir?
No, yes
What are the most susceptible species?
Raccoons
Bats
Skunks
Wild canids
What are the intermediate species?
Dogs Cats Cows Horses Sheep Goats Humans
What are the most resistant species?
Primitive mammals (opossum)
Rodents
Squirrels
Rabbits
Is there a vaccine? If so, what kinds are available?
Yes
Parenteral: Humans and several other species
Oral: Licensed for use in wild species
*Given @ 3-4 months of age, boost 1 year after, and then yearly or every 3 years
Who is vaccinated?
Dogs, cats, and ferrets
Livestock
Horses if interstate transport
How do we stop transmission of Rabies?
- Vx domestic animals
- Remove strays/unwanted animals
- Regulate interstate/international movement
- Adjunct procedures
- Limit exposure to wildlife
What are some adjunct procedures in place?
Id Licensure Canvasina Citations Animal control Public education
What if an unvaccinated domestic animal is exposed?
Euthanize immediately or put in ISO for 6 months
Vx immediately after exposure
What if a vaccinated domestic animal is exposed?
Revaccinate immediately
Observe on house arrest for 45 days
What if an unvaccinated livestock is exposed?
Slaughter/euthanize
Stay away from milk and meat
What if a human is exposed?
Clean wound
Notify local health department and family Dr.
Go to ER
*Even if previously vaccinated, still have to have post-exposure tx
What if the animal that bit a human is healthy?
Confine and observe for 10 days
DO NOT VX
If signs occur: euthanize and submit head
If stray: euthanize and submit head
What are the stages of infection for Rabies?
- Prodromal
- Excitative or Furious
- Paralytic or Dumb
- Death
What does the Prodromal stage consist of?
Lasts about 2-3 days
Change in behavior or temperament
Pupils dilate, nictitating membrane visible, lick bite site
What does the Excitative or Furious stage consist of?
Hypersensitivity to external stimuli, sounds, photophobia
Bite everything, very aggressive
Wander and roam
What does the Paralytic or Dumb stage consist of?
2-4 days after first clinical sign appears
Ataxic or paralyzed- ascending paralysis
Have dropped jaw, drool, change in vocal sounds
Act like choking
When does Death occur?
2-7 days after clinical signs appear
Die due to paralysis of respiratory muscles
Dz shuts down brain centers
