Race/Ethnicity

Question 1

Essentialism

Answer 1

a belief that a particular category of people (i.e., gender, race, etc) have an underlying and unchanging ‘essence,’ and sets up a basis for ‘othering’

Question 2

Othering

Answer 2

justification for treating other categories of people differently because of their perceived essence

Question 3

Visible Minority

Answer 3

anyone who is not Caucasian, Aboriginal, or white

Question 4

Stereotypes

Answer 4

biased characterizations of some category of people (images, ideas, caricatures) (minorities can stereotype too)

Question 5

Prejudice

Answer 5

a rigid or irrational generalization about an entire category of people (unjustified reaction, opinions, feelings, attitudes, can be positive/negative)

Question 6

Racism

Answer 6

the belief that one racial category is innately inferior to another

Question 7

Discrimination

Answer 7

treating various categories of people unequally

Question 8

Systemic racism and discrimination

Answer 8

bias in the operation of society’s institutions

Question 9

The vicious self-perpetuating cycle

Answer 9

prejudice and discrimination reinforce each other.

step 1: prejudice and discrimination –>
step 2: social disadvantage->
step 3: belief in minority’s innate inferiority (repeat)

Question 10

Pluralism

Answer 10

a state in which people of all races and ethnicities have equal social standing

Question 11

Assimilation

Answer 11

minorities gradually adopt patterns of the dominant culture

Question 12

Segregation

Answer 12

physical and social separation of categories of people, e.g., Japanese internment in WW2

Question 13

Genocide

Answer 13

the systemic killing of one category of people by another, e.g., holocaust, Rwanda, Small pox to natives

Question 14

Racialization

Answer 14

(‘race’ is a social construct) stresses human actions (power relations) are involved in creating and maintaining categories and assigning membership to categories based on physical appearance or parent origins

Question 15

‘others’ & ‘othering’

Answer 15

those assigned memberships in ‘exceptional’ categories: the process of doing so and accompanying beliefs and attitudes

Question 16

Mixed race

Answer 16

ambivalent nd contradictory reading of bodies

Question 17

Intersectionality

Answer 17

refers to the complex interplay between gender and other forms of social identity or social categorization, such as race, age, sexual orientation, or class

Question 18

Gaze

Answer 18

a process through which subjects become objectified by the way they are viewed, especially by dominant others

Question 19

external racial gaze

Answer 19

the act of looking exerts power over one who is ‘looked upon’ and ‘named’

Question 20

Hegemonic Femininity

Answer 20

the social ideals that women must live up to in order to be perceived and valued as a ‘woman’

Question 21

Multiculturalism

Answer 21

sense of equal appreciation and celebration of culture, ethnicity, religion, traditional practices and the like