Racial State (1933-45)

Question 1

What did Herronvolk mean?

Answer 1

The master race - the Aryans

Question 2

What was Hitler’s original racial policy?

Answer 2

‘Purify’ the blood lines and gene pool of Germany

Question 3

Untermenschen means?

Answer 3

Underclass non-Aryans

Question 4

Explain social darwinism?

Answer 4

The superior race will thrive due to survival of the fittest, justified racial superiority

Question 5

How are Jews portrayed?

Answer 5

Dehumanized, predators, satanic, dangerous and parasitic

Question 6

What is eugenics?

Answer 6

Interfering with genetics - playing God essentially

Question 7

What was the eugenics policy of July 1933?

Answer 7

Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Progeny

Question 8

Which groups of people were underwent compulsory sterilization in 1933?

Answer 8

Blind, deaf, epileptic, depression, alcoholics, learning difficulties

Question 9

How many people were roughly sterilized due to the eugenic policy?

Answer 9

400,000

Question 10

Unfairness within the eugenic policy?

Answer 10

Hereditary Health court cases were only 10 minutes, could be sterilized by force, appeal court led by Karl Astel (a Nazi)

Question 11

Who and when was the ‘T4 Programme’ established?

Answer 11

Dr Bouhler (psych not medicine) in 1939

Question 12

What was unusual about setting up of the T4 programme?

Answer 12

Didn’t follow any legislative process, it was a directive. It originated from a private letter

Question 13

How many children were euthanized due to T4?

Answer 13

5000 from ages 3-16

Question 14

Why was the T4 euthanasia program stopped?

Answer 14

Cardinal Galen sermon rejecting everything Nazi on Aug 3rd 1941, protests caused Hitler to reverse the policy on 24th Aug 1941

Question 15

What were the 3 phases of racial policy?

Answer 15

1 - Legal revolution, 2 - Creating a new Germany, 3 - Radicalization of state

Question 16

People that were classed as asocials?

Answer 16

Tramps/beggars, criminals, alcoholics, work-shy, prostitutes, juvenile delinquents

Question 17

Why were asocials persecuted?

Answer 17

Hitler said that their unwillingness to work “gave offence to the community” Nazis believed they had a choice and did this to themselves

Question 18

How were asocials originally treated?

Answer 18

Offered rehabilitation back into society, became more radical in 1938

Question 19

What was the name of the asocial colony set up?

Answer 19

Haschude, in Northern Germany - set up to re-educate

Question 20

Why did asocial policy become more radical?

Answer 20

The 10,000 that remained after rehabs were thought to be genetically asocial, needed to be removed

Question 21

How were people positioned to feel about the Erbkranker?

Answer 21

Pity them, can’t let them suffer

Question 22

Initial treatment of homosexuals?

Answer 22

In 1933 there was local/grass roots activism of closing clubs, burning libraries and attacking Institute of Sex Research

Question 23

What did Himmler create in 1936 for homosexuals?

Answer 23

The Reich Office for combatting Homosexuality and Abortion - this created a registry of all homosexuals for the Gestapo

Question 24

How many homosexuals were sent to concentration camps?

Answer 24

10,000 - 15,000 and forced to wear pink triangles to identify them

Question 25

What percentage of homosexuals died in concentration camps?

Answer 25

60%

Question 26

What year did all homosexual SS officers get sent to concentration camps?

Answer 26

1937

Question 27

When was the boycotting of Jewish shops?

Answer 27

1st April 1933

Question 28

Significance about the Jewish boycott?

Answer 28

Not organized by Hitler, one day long, not everyone participated

Question 29

Why was Hitler hesitant to allow the boycott?

Answer 29

Risk of public backfire, didn't want to lose foreign support and he hadn't fully established the police state yet

Question 30

How many Jews emigrated as a result of the Ant-professional Laws of 1933?

Answer 30

37,000

Question 31

Which Jewish professions were targeted in 1933?

Answer 31

Civil service, doctors, lawyers, education and the Reich Press

Question 32

How effective were the anti-professional laws of 1933?

Answer 32

Very slow to take effective, enforced by locals more, some Jews still remained working

Question 33

Why was the racial policy so tame originally?

Answer 33

Hitler was testing the public reaction, he was building on the Reichstag fire conspiracy slowly

Question 34

When were the Nuremberg Laws?

Answer 34

1935

Question 35

Reaction in Austria initially due to Anschluss?

Answer 35

Public humiliation of Jews in Vienna, 45,000 Jews encouraged to migrate, all German laws extended to Austria (eg: Nuremberg)

Question 35

When was Anchluss?

Answer 35

March 1938

Question 35

What was Anschluss?

Answer 35

The uniting of Germany and Austria (forbidden by TofV, Allies ignore Hitler)

Question 35

What were the Nuremberg Laws?

Answer 35

Reich Citizenship Law (removed Jewish citizenships), Law for Protection of German Blood and Honor (banned mixed marriages) and Genetic Health Law (medical examinations to prove Aryans)

Question 35

Different types of public reaction to racial policy?

Answer 35

Exploiting it for personal gain, fear and conformity, genuine hatred towards the Jews

Question 36

What were some of the 1938 antisemitic intensification laws?

Answer 36

Jewish businesses worth more than RM5000 confiscated, bans of Jewish travel agents, salesman, and security guards, lost welfare, passports stamped with 'J'

Question 37

What was the 1939 Name Law?

Answer 37

All Jews had to be named Sarah or Israel = confusion and ad hoc

Question 37

When was Kristallnacht?

Answer 37

9-10 November 1938

Question 37

What initiated Kristallnacht?

Answer 37

A Polish Jew killed a Nazi official in Paris, resulted in SS and SA unleashing violence on Jews

Question 37

How many Jewish businesses were closed due to Registration of Jewish Property Decree 1938?

Answer 37

80%

Question 38

Who organized Kristallnacht? Significance?

Answer 38

Goebbels (head of propaganda), all other Nazi officials unaware of plans implies ad hoc

Question 39

Outcome of Kristallnacht?

Answer 39

100 Jews killed, thousands injured, Jews had to pay RM1 billion to fix the damage, no insurance claimed

Question 40

Who became head of racial policy in 1938?

Answer 40

Goring

Question 40

Who was head of the General Government in Poland?

Answer 40

Hans Frank - complained of overcrowding of Jews in Poland

Question 41

How many Jews were in German territory of Poland?

Answer 41

Roughly 1.9 million (60% of 3.1 million)

Question 42

How many Jews did Eichmann force migrate from West Poland and Czech?

Answer 42

80,000

Question 43

How many Jews did the SS order eastward?

Answer 43

550,000 from Nov 1939 - Feb 1940

Question 44

How many German and Viennese Jews did Hitler order into Poland?

Answer 44

300,000

Question 45

What were conditions like in Ghettoes?

Answer 45

Restricted food, medical supplies, diseases (lice, typhus, tuberculosis), overcrowding of rooms (6 to a single room), organized coach tours to publicly humiliate the Jews

Question 46

When did Nazis invade Poland with the USSR?

Answer 46

September 1939

Question 47

When was the Madagascar Plan?

Answer 47

1940

Question 48

What was the Madagascar Plan?

Answer 48

Removal of European Jews to Madagascar, "natural wastage" of them

Question 49

What facilitated the Madagascar Plan to go ahead?

Answer 49

Fall of France in 1940, Madagascar was a French territory, Nazi's took it

Question 50

Why did the Madagascar Plan fail?

Answer 50

Germany lost Battle of Britain (RAF vs Luftwaffe), English dominated the Channel, couldn't get Jews on ships past them

Question 51

Where did Hitler send the Jews next?

Answer 51

Urals in Siberia

Question 52

What did Hitler have to do to get the Jews to the Urals?

Answer 52

Invade Russia and betray Stalin, does this in 1941