Racism- Pupil Responses and Subcultures of Resistance

Question 1

Stuart Hall

Answer 1

Marxist
‘Culture of resistance’ among Black Caribbean youth, rejection of schooling and conflict when compelled to attend

Question 2

Sewell

Answer 2

Some BC students- ‘the rebels’ formed subculture of resistance- status through black, macho masculinity
Teacher stereotypes of all BC boys as anti-school, anti-authority, macho boys- minority
Largest group- ‘the conformists’ escape teacher stereotypes by accepting school, ‘innovators’ anti-school but want benefits, ‘retreatists’ disconnected from school + black subcultures

Question 3

Mac an Ghaill

Answer 3

Racism + negative labelling don’t necessarily have a negative effect on student progress. Students may adopt survival strategies, like resisting school by breaking rules, or dress + behaviour codes, but still complete work

Question 4

Wright

Answer 4

Interview based study of 14-19 year old black people in London + Nottingham excluded from schools
Actively resist negative school experiences, work to transform labelling as ‘failures’ into a desire for positive educational outcome
Negative labels don’t always lead to SFP