RAD 103 prelims Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
Known also as digital image acquisition – creation of a representation of the visual characteristics of an object, such as a physical scene or the interior structure of an object.
A
Digital imaging
2
Q
-A system designed to transfer data from one networkaccess point to another or more access points via data switching transmission lines and system controls.
A
networks
3
Q
elements of a digital 3D image.
A
Voxel/ Volume elements
4
Q
-An electronic database that holds demographic information on every patient who receives healthcare services.
A
Master Patient Index (MPI)
5
Q
the use of high and short energy x-rays video frame rates of 3, 7.5, 15 fps.
A
pulsed fluoroscopy
6
Q
the use of high dose to improve contrast an spatial resolution thru cassette – based detectors.
A
Spot radiograph
7
Q
consists of a series/sequence of instructions created by a software developer, or computer programs can be described as the computer’s software.
A
Computer program
8
Q
Two main categories for classifying computer programs
A
Systems software
Application software
9
Q
number of rows multiplied by number of columns - Size of a matrix is defined by the number of rows it contains
A
Matrix size
10
Q
can be reprogrammed with the use of special electron impulses.
A
EEPROM (electronically eprom)
11
Q
The British built the first operating working computer called
A
Colossus
12
Q
web services & web applications that provide access to databases.
A
DATABASE APPLICATIONS
13
Q
consists of programs that make it easy for the user to operate a computer to its best advantage.
A
Systems software
14
Q
chips are similar to PROM chips except that the contents are erasable with the use of a special device that exposes the chip to ultraviolet light.
A
EPROM (erasable prom)
15
Q
similar to incremental backup, but includes all the updated data from the first full backup.
A
Differential backup
16
Q
is the latest advancement in radiography. It quickly transfers image to the computer so that you can view and diagnose w/o waiting.
A
Digital radiography
17
Q
# of rows x # of columns x (# of bytes)
A
Image file size
18
Q
the short-term memory of the computer
A
RAM (random access memory)
19
Q
-use positron emitters to produce annihilation photons which are then detected.
A
PET Imaging
20
Q
Application used to create a duplicate copy of data to save and enable recovery in the event of loss, corrupted, or infected by malwares.
A
Backups
21
Q
refers to the personal computer (PC), which is configured as a desktop, laptop, or notebook with computer applications
A
Personal Computer
22
Q
-The actual infrastructure for storing, viewing, and communicating data.
A
Hospital information systems (HIS)
23
Q
the most common network contained in small area (Eg. Home, office)
A
LAN
24
Q
system utilizes just two values that change discretely through coding, typically involving a computer chip.
A
Digital
25
-Involves the use of CR and DR thru PSP and flat-panel detectors.
Projection radiography/ general radiography
26
Visible components (mouse &camera)
Operations include input processing, memory, storage, output, and communications
Hardware
27
Built during WWII from over 1700 bulbs it was used to break the codes of the German Lorenz SZ40 Cipher machine used by the German high commands.
Colossus
28
a structured collection of data that are archived and can be retrieved to organization for different uses.
DATABASE
29
-The use of projection radiography for breast.
Digital mammography
30
first general-purpose electronic computer was developed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly. (at a cost of 500,000 dollars)
1946
31
updated data
Incremental backup
32
the unique identity of a networks
Internet protocol addresses (IPS)
33
is an input/output device that uses a keyboard for input and a display screen for output.
Terminal
34
relative quantitative measurement of radiodensity used by radiologist in the interpretation of CT images.
Hounsfield unit
35
the specialized used of computer technology to electronically transmit radiological images and supporting information from one location to another for the purposes of interpretation, consultation, or education.
Teleradiology
36
contained in small area with large area coverage (Eg. Internet)
WAN
37
has built-in processing capability and RAM but does not have its own storage capacity.
Intelligent terminal
38
Equivalent to two words
Chomp
39
A single binary digit (1 or 0)
Bit
40
uses a cassette based phosphor storage plates (PSP) which are then scanned by the computerized system into a digital format for image processing, archiving, and presentation.
Cassette radiography
41
-Generic name for an application or group of applications used to handle textual data containing the examinations, appointment, reports, and billing data
Radiology information system (RIS)
42
American physicist and inventor of firstelectronic digital computer.
John Atanasoff
43
-allows and coordinates uninterrupted data through the bus.
Chipset
44
-records planar images from multiple angles which uses images to reconstruct tomographic slices from the imaged volume.
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
45
-The use of high-frequency sound to produce images received from the echo signals.
Ultrasound
46
sometimes called a jump drive or jump stick- is the newest of the small portable memory.
Flash drive
47
images are the types of images that we, as humans, look at.
Analog
48
Consists of 16 bits of information
Word
49
the British built the first operating working computer called Colossus decrypt the German military codes.
December 1943
50
-the use of x-ray tube while rotating around the patient.
Computed tomography
51
-Program designed to do actual work for a user which runs on top of the operating system.
Application software
52
Main printed circuit board in general-purpose computers and other expandable systems.
System board
53
Two means of networking
Intranet
Extranet
54
Devices that can be attached directly to the workstation by wires, or radiofrequency transmission
Input/ output devices
55
– the combination usage to provide a method of attenuation correction and correlation of metabolic activity.
SPECT and Xray CT
56
Required when primary memory is insufficient and when data needs to be transferred to another location.
Secondary memory
57
-A method of patient’s medical record storage and has electronic notes.
EPR (Electronic patient record)
58
Refers to half a byte
Nibble
59
-analyze intrinsic tissue characteristics of metabolites in single of multiple voxels.
MR Spectroscopy
60
any type of miniature electronic device that contains arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry necessary to perform the functions of a digital computer's central processing unit.
Microprocessor
61
Solid state, made of silicon (semiconductor) technology, and very fast but limited in size
Primary memory
62
-A computer program or a device that provides functionality for other programs or devices (clients).
Servers
63
overlapping of studies in one patient such as chest, abdomen, etc. w/c gives them individual accession number.
Study splitting
64
A bundle of eight bits
Byte
65
elements of a digital 2D image which has a value represented.
Pixel
66
can store large amount of data
Auxiliary memory
67
is a vacuum tube that is used as a display screen in a computer
Cathode ray tube (CRT)
68
chips are blank chips that a user, with special equipment, can write programs to. After the program is written, it cannot be erased.
PROM (programmable rom)
69
acquisition of images thru angulation of detector around the patient.
Rotational angiography
70
combination of spatial and contrast resolution.
Total resolution
71
are thinner and lighter and consume less power than CRTs.
Flat panel
72
-regulates the optical density of the displayed image; scale
Window level
73
an area of information technology which involves:
Health information technology
74
giant computers which used thousands of vacuum tubes for computations were the forerunner of today’s digital computers.
UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer)
75
use of low energy x-rays.
continous fluoroscopy
76
connect computers and other devices to the internet.
Routers
77
Built mechanical calculators using pegged wheels that could perform the which has the MDAS functions.
Blaise Pascal and Gottfried Leibniz 17th Century
78
Area that concerns with cognitive, information processing, and communication tasks of medical practice, education, research, information science, and technology
Informatics
79
-The heart of every workstation
Processor
80
Amplify or switch electronic signal and electrical power /alternately allows or does not allow electronic signals to pass.
Transistor
81
Fact
Digit comes from Latin for finger or toe
82
-It allows connections between two normally separate network to take place which creates a secure tunnel between two points.
VPN
83
pertains to a continuously changing quantity, often in a mechanical context,
Analog
84
Counting frame, calculating tool used since ancient times
Abacus
85
They are used to exchange data within a local area network such as home network or in a business.
Switches
86
They invented the electronic digital computer.
John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry 1939
87
-Workspace for acquisition professionals and federal buyers to connect with resources, tools and each other to improve acquisition government-wide.
Acquisition Gateway
88
images are the types of images that we, as humans, look at.
Digital
89
used to refer to a collection of data or information that is treated as a unit by the computer.
File
90
determines the visibility of fine detail.
Spatial resolution
91
2nd generation of computers was introduced.
1958
92
a process that quantizes or samples analog signals into a range of digital values.
Digitization
93
are another form of output device and are categorized by the manner in which the print mechanism physically contacts the paper to print an image.
Printer
94
95
-contains a small software which allows to instruct the input and output devices of a computer
BIOS (basic input and output system)
96
3rd generation of computers was introduced.
1964
97
usage of higher intensity x-rays while producing low quantum noise and higher resolution.
Digital fluoroscopy
98
-The use of high magnetic field to produce images by utilizing the magnetic properties of nuclei such as hydrogen in water and fat.
Magnetic resonance imaging
99
entire current data
Full backup
100
-names for projection images acquired with the detector gantry stationary and the table incremented.
Scanogram
101
Also known as the operating system (OS), MAC-OS, Windows, and Unix are popular operating system.
Systems software
102
an image that is digitized both in space and amplitude (gray level), can be considered as matrix which has x,y,z in columns and row indices.
Digital image
103
-Allows the user to properly shut down the computer during power interruptions, fluctuations.
UPS (uninterruptible power supplies)
104
He designed tabulating machine to record census.
Herman Hollerith 1890
105
Computer programs installed to command hardware (internet browser: Google Chrome, FireFox; and OS: Android, iOS
Software
106
4th generation of computers were introduced (represented a continuation of the third generation and featured the utilization of large-scale integration (LSI).
1975
107
-Technique and process of creating visual representation of the interior of body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, as well as the visual representation of the function of some organs & tissue
Radiology Workflow
108
Universal format for PACS image storage and transfer
DICOM
109
most widely used to denote the elements of a digital image because it is one of the small dots or square that make up an image on a computer screen.
Pixel
110
retains its memory even if power to the computer is lost but it is more expensive than DRAM and requires more space and power.
SRAM
111
The brain of every workstation
Operating system
112
Ted Hoff introduced Intel 4004, the 1st microprocessor via Intel Corp. with his team of logic architects and silicon engineers
1971
113
set of rules governing the format of data sent via internet or local network
IP
114
permanent memory, cannot be erased
ROM (read only memory)
115
-Technique and process of creating visual representation of the interior of body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, as well as the visual representation of the function of some organs and tissues.
Medical imaging
116
use of temporal subtraction to remove anatomic structures while improving the resolution of contrast media.
digital subtraction angiography
117
-Used in diagnosing and treating certain illnesses, it uses radioactive materials (radiopharmaceuticals).
Nuclear medicine and Positron emission tomography
118
is the device that holds, spins, reads data from, and writes data to a CD, DVDs and Blu-rays Disc.- all of these devices are commonly known as “Optical storage devices”
CD drive
119
Two type of storage
Solid state drive (SSD)- fast, durable, expensive
Hard disc drive (HDD)- slow, fragile, cheap
120
Provides a single point of authentication for multiple tasks which includes logon to various systems such as PACS and RIS.
Active directory
121
application programs are those written in a higher level language expressly to carry out some user function by a computer manufacturer, by a software manufacturer or by the user themselves to guide the computer to perform a specific task
Application software
122
Refers to any general-purpose stored-program electronic digital computer.
Workstation
123
-The place where data are stored permanently even if the computer is powered off.
Storage
124
combining telecommunications technology with medical expertise for the remote delivery of medical care or education.
Telemedicine
125
cannot do any processing on its own; it is used only to input data or receive data from a main or host computer.
Dumb terminal
126
comprised over 18,000 vacuum tubes that had an average failure rate of one every 7 minutes.
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator)
127
determines the grayscale difference between soft tissues in the image.
Contrast resolution
128
The standard word length
32 or 64 bits
129
used to refer to a collection of data or information that is treated as a unit by the computer.
Graphics card
130
William Shockley developed the transistor.
1948
131
-The digital entry or exit point.
Port
132
Binary number system
1 or 0
133
First –generation computers were vacuum tube devices
1939-1958
134
inherent to all images; image mottle; snowy or grainy appearance.
Noise
135
Special high-speed circuitry areas
Registers
136
The used of continuous ionizing radiation for real – time imaging of organs.
Digitral fluoroscopy & interventional radiology
137
chips are more widely used, but SRAM chips are faster
DRAM
138
-A computer image processing technique used to improve the contrast in images
Histogram
139
He designed analytical engines which automatically performs general calculations.
Charles Babbage 1842
140
built-in physical data chain that enables efficient communication of hardware.
Data bus
141
Two types of RAM
DRAM (dynamic ram)
SRAM (static ram)
142
Amount of data that can be simultaneously sent over a determined medium.
BANDWIDTH
143
Three variation of ROM chips
PROM (programmable rom)
EPROM (erasable prom)
EEPROM (electronically eprom)
144
Deals with the study of knowledge, skills, and tools which enable information to be collected, managed, used, and shared to support the delivery of healthcare and promote health.
Health informatics
145
the development from Eckert and Mauchly was introduced to the public.
1951
146
first general-purpose modern computer was built at Harvard University. (Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC), known simply
Mark 1 1944
