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Upper Limb > RAD 210 Ch. 4 Upper Limb > Flashcards

RAD 210 Ch. 4 Upper Limb Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 4 structures of the upper limb?

A
  1. Hand and Wrist
  2. Forearm
  3. Arm (humerus)
  4. Shoulder girdle
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2
Q

What are the 3 categories of bones in the hand and wrist?

A
  1. Phalanges
  2. Metacarpals
  3. Carpals
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3
Q

2nd - 5th digit of phalanges divided into what 3 categories?

A
  1. Distal (tip of finger)
  2. Middle
  3. Proximal
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4
Q

Each bone in the phalanges, and the metacarpal bones are also divided into what 3 categories?

A
  1. Head
  2. Body
  3. Base
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5
Q

Mnemonic for Carpal Bones

A

Steve: Scaphoid
Left: Lunate
The: Triquetrum
Party: Pisiform
To: Trapezium
Take: Trapezoid
Carol: Capitate
Home: Hamate

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6
Q

What are the 3 Concentric Arcs of the elbow?

A
  1. Trochlear Sulcus
  2. Outer ridges of: capitulum and trochlea
  3. Trochlear notch of ulna
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7
Q

Ulnar deviation wrist movement is used for a view of what carpal bone?

A

Scaphoid

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8
Q

Radial deviation wrist movement is used for a view of what carpal bones?

A

Lunate, triquetrum, pisifrom, and hamate

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9
Q

The third carpal bone on the proximal row (from
the lateral aspect of wrist) is the?

A

Triquetrum

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10
Q

Which of the following structures is located on the distal humerus?

A

Capitulum

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11
Q

The interphalangeal (IP) joints are classified as ?

A

Ginglymus

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12
Q

The distal radius will cross over the ulna when the hand is pronated. True or False.

A

True

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13
Q

In between the carpal bones are what joints?

A

Carpometacarpal joints (CMC)

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14
Q

Right above the metacarpals are what joints?

A

Metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP)

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15
Q

Right above the proximal phalanges (knuckles), are what joints?

A

Proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP)

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16
Q

Right below the distal phalanges and right above the middle phalanges, are what joints?

A

Distal interphalangeal joints (DIP)

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17
Q

Between distal and proximal phalanx of the first digit is what joint?

A

Interphalangeal joint (IP)

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18
Q

1st - 5th joint locations are determined by what

A

same as 1st - 5th digit locations

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19
Q

The distal row of carpal bones consists of:

A

Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

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20
Q

The proximal row of carpal bones consists of:

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform

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21
Q

1st to 5th IP joints are what type

Study These Flashcards
A

Ginglymus (hinge) type

22
Q

1st to 5th MCP joints are what type

Study These Flashcards
A

Ellipsoidal (condyloid type)

23
Q

2nd to 5th CMC joints are what type

Study These Flashcards
A

Plane (gliding) type

24
Q

Intercarpals are what type

Study These Flashcards
A

Plane (gliding) type

25
1st CMC joint is what type
Sellar (saddle) joint
26
Elbow joint is
-Synovial (diarthrodial) -Ginglymus (hinge) type
27
Proximal radioulnar joint is
Trochoidal (pivot) type
28
Forearm supinated rotational movement
AP hand, radius and ulna parallel
29
Forearm pronated rotational movement
PA hand, radius crosses over ulna
30
Positioning considerations for upper limb
-40 SID -Long axis of part to long axis of IR -4 sided collimation when possible
31
Cast Conversions
-Small to medium dry plaster cast: increase 5 to 7 kVp -Large or wet plaster cast: increase 8 to 10 kVp -Fiberglass cast: increase 3 to 4 kVp
32
Trauma Terminology
-Dislocation (displacement from joint) -Subluxation (partial dislocation) -Sprain (rupture or tearing of connective tissues) -Contusion (bruise, without fx) -Fracture (fx) >Simple (closed) fx >Compound (open) fx (breaks through skin) >Comminuted fx (splintered or crushed) >Impacted fx (fragments driven into each other)
33
Which of the following projections/routines would best demonstrate a Bennett’s fracture
AP axial projection (modified Robert’s method)
34
What type of CR angle is required for the AP axial projection (modified Robert’s method)?
15° proximal
35
What type of CR angle is required for the tangential (Gaynor-Hart method) projection?
25° to 30°
36
How many exposures (minimum) are required for the AP elbow acute flexion study?
2
37
Lateral elbow
-Flexed 90 degrees -Humerus and forearm parallel to IR
38
Evaluation Criteria for lateral elbow
-3 concentric arcs visible -Olecranon process in profile -Optimal exposure factors
39
Oblique Projections of elbow
Medial oblique: 45 degree internal (medial) rotation Lateral oblique: 45 degree external (lateral) rotation
40
AP elbow
-Fully extended -Epicondyles parallel to IR -CR to mid-elbow joint
41
Lateral forearm
-Elbow flexed 90 degrees -Wrist true lateral -CR to midforearm
42
Lateral forearm evaluation criteria
-Carpals and distal humerus included -Elbow flexed 90° -Head of ulna superimposed over radius -Exposure factors
43
AP Forearm and Evaluation Criteria
Epicondyles parallel to IR CR to midforearm -Carpals to distal humerus included -Humeral epicondyles are in profile -Slight superimposition of distal radioulnar joint -Exposure factors
44
PA axial scaphoid and evaluation criteria
Ulnar deviation with CR at 10 to 15 degree angle -Scaphoid clearly seen without superimposition -Scaphoid not foreshortened
45
Evaluation criteria for lateral wrist
-Distal radius, ulna, and carpals demonstrated -Center of field at mid- carpals -No rotation -Exposure factors
46
Evaluation criteria for PA oblique wrist
-Distal radius, ulna, and carpals demonstrated -Center of field at midcarpals -Trapezium seen in its entirety -Exposure factors
47
PA hand and evaluation criteria
CR to 3rd MCP joint -Entire hand and carpals demonstrated -Center of field at third MCP joint -No rotation of phalanges or metacarpals -Exposure factors
48
PA hand oblique projection and evaluation criteria
CR to third MCP joint Digits parallel to IR or Digits not parallel to IR (slightly curved) -Entire hand and carpals demonstrated -Center of field at third MCP joint -Joints open -Adequate separation of phalanges and metacarpals -Exposure factors
49
Lateral hand projections/positions
-Fan -Extension (karate chop) -Flexion (claw hand)
50
PA finger and evaluation criteria
CR to PIP -Entire finger and minimum ⅓ of MCP demonstrated -Center field at PIP joint -No rotation of phalanges -Exposure factors
51
AP/PA thumb and evaluation criteria
CR to first MCP joint -Entire thumb demonstrated (including first CMC joint) -Center field at first MCP joint -No rotation of phalanges -Exposure factors

Upper Limb (1 decks)

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