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Rad Protection > Rad preotection > Flashcards

Rad preotection Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was the first casualty of manmade radiation?

A

Clarence Dally DOD 1904

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2
Q

What did the Coolidge tube do?

A

It decreased exposure time along with injury to patients & workers.
Made in 1913

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3
Q

What were radiologist developing more frequently compared to the rest of the medical community?

A

Blood Disorders

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4
Q

What was the Public aw 97-35?

The consumer-patient radiation health and safety act of 1981

A
  1. Provide minimum standards by the federal government for accreditation of educational programs
  2. Ensure Medical and Dental radiologic procedures are consistent with safety precautions and standards
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5
Q

Radiation Exposure increases when….?

A

Increased Elevation

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6
Q

What percentage is Manmade radiation?

A

18% of Radiation is mandmade

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7
Q

Medical and Dental radiation exposure accounts for..?

A

90%

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8
Q

How much is 1 Roentgen ?

A

1 Roentgen= 2.58x 10^-4 coulombs per kilogram (c/kg)

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9
Q

What is the unit of radioactivity?

A

The Curie (Ci) 1 = 3.7 x 10^10

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10
Q

What is the unit for absorbed dose?

A

Gray (Gy)

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11
Q

Converting Gray to Rad

A

Divide by .01

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12
Q

Converting Rad to Gray

A

Multiply by .01

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13
Q

What are the 3 Cardinal principles to radiation protection?

A

S - Shielding
T- Time
D- Distance

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14
Q

What does ALARA stand for?

A

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

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15
Q

Where should your TLD be worn?

A
  • Below the shoulders
  • Above the hips
  • Outside of clothing
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16
Q

Qualities of a Primary barrier?

A
  • Minimum of 1/16th Lead equivalent = Brick/Concrete/ Concrete block
  • 7 ft
  • Often used lead bonded to sheet rock or wood paneling
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17
Q

Qualities of a Secondary barrier?

A

Minimum of 1/32th

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18
Q

How does a TLD (Thermoluminescent Dectector) work?

A
  • Excited electrons absorb & store energy, trapping them in higher energy levels.
  • Lif crystals are heated, freeing trapped electrons.
  • -Electrons return to there normal energy level, releasing energy in the form of light.
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19
Q

What does a TLD analyzer do?

A

Measures the amount of ionizing radiation through release of energy (from crystals being heated)

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20
Q

The amount of light emitted is propotional to..?

A

The amount of radiation interacted with the LIF crystals.

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21
Q

If a radiographer must hold down a patient they should…?

A

STAY OUT OF THE PRIMARY BEAM

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22
Q

What are critical organs affected by radiation?

A

Eyes

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23
Q

What is the 10-Day interval?

A

Examination should be limited to the 10 day interval FOLLOWING the onset of MENSTRUATION.

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24
Q

During a known pregnancy..

A

Examinations should be postponed until conclusion/ later part of pregnancy.

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25
What is the SIMPLEST type of all BLD's ?
Aperture Diagram
26
What is a disadvantage of an Aperture Diagram?
Fixed opening-(Not able to collimate)
27
What is the most COMMON BLD?
Variable Aperture Collimator. (Most efficient)
28
What is Inherent Filtration?
Filtration afforded by the glass envelope, insulating oil, and glass window
29
As filtration is increased....
Beam quality increases, but quantity is decreased. | Better image-Less rays passing through
30
How do you get Total filtration?
Inherent filtration+ Added filtration.
31
Using a grid increases...?
Patient Dose
32
What methods can you use to avoid repeat radiographs?
1. Proper Technique 2. Proper Positioning 3. Appropriate Marker 4. Correct patient identification
33
What is the purpose of Patient shielding?
Reducing risk of genetic Defects for WHOLE population.
34
What are the three patient shielding devices?
1. Flat- plastic covered lead 2. Shadow- attached to x-ray tube 3. Shaped- contoured to enclose testis
35
When would you use a Shadow shield?
In a sterile field / incapacitated patient
36
What is DL (Dose limit)?
Maximum dose of ionizing radiation, which a individual accumulates over a long period of time/ in a single dose
37
What is the dose limit for the fetus?
5 mSv or 500 rem for the period of the pregnancy
38
After a pregnancy has been notified to the supervisor and the pregnancy is declared...
The DL becomes 0.5mSv or 50mrem / month
39
A pregnant radiographer with a second personal monitoring device should?
- Place it under the protective lead apron - Label it as exposure to the fetus - Maintain the record separately
40
Annual DL for the eye lens is?
15,000 mrem
41
Annual DL for the Skin hand and feet is?
50,000 mrem
42
What is the occupational DL?
- Annual 5,000mrem | - cumulative 1,000mrem x age
43
Students under the age of 18 aren't aloud more then....?
100mrem
44
Educational and Training exposure Dose limit is?
- Lens of eye 1,500mrem | - skin hands and feet 5,000mrem
45
When computing the thickness of protective barriers this should be taken into consideration...
Room should be adjacent to the X-ray room occupied by - The general public - Radiation workers
46
What is a Leakage beam?
Radiation passing through the tube housing other than the useful beam
47
What is the Useful beam/ Primary beam?
The beam passing through the tube aperture (window, glass envelope)
48
What is a primary barrier?
A wall which the useful beam can be directed to designed as the primary protective barrier
49
What is a secondary barrier?
designed to shield against secondary radiation (scatter)
50
What is a controlled area?
An area primarily occupied by radiology personnel and patients
51
A barrier in a controlled area is required to reduce exposure to a worker to ...?
Less than 100mrem per week
52
What is most often used for a primary barrier?
Lead bonded to sheet rock or wood paneling.
53
A uncontrolled area can be occupied by anyone, what is the maximum exposure rate?
Dose limit for the public should be | 100 mrem/yr OR 100 mSv/ yr
54
What type of exposure switch does Fluoroscopic have?
"dead man" switch type
55
What is the time for the timer on the flouroscopic machine?
After 5 minutes of exposure time
56
what is the formula for the inverse square law?
I = Intensity D = Distance | L1 / L2 = D2^2 / D1^2
57
Where should wrist or finger dosimeters?
a) worn on the wrist/ring closest to radiation source | b) under the protective glove
58
Who can designated in writing by the commander?
- The custodian of the health records - The custodian of the civilian employee medical files - The person who prepares the photodosimetry report - The person that controls issuance and recovery of the monitoring devices
59
What are the methods of determining administrative Does?
- Calculate exposure based on occupancy information and exposure levels - Assign the dose by a supplemental monitoring device worn during the period - Average persons previous occupational exposure over the preceding calendar year
60
What does the U.S department of Health and Human services do?
This agency focuses on preparation of response for radiation exposure incidences.
61
What does the U.S food and Drug administration center of devices and radiologic health?
FDA oversees radiation safety of medical imaging systems, counter terrorism security systems and industrial and electronic consumer products that emit radition.
62
What does the U.S department of Veteran Affairs do?
Provides information to veterans and their families about VA health care programs related to ionizing radiation issues.
63
What is the Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968(Public Law 90-602)?
It is Illegal to manufacture in the U.S any type of x-ray equipment uncertified by the FDA
64
What is the 10CFR20?
It is the nuclear regulatory commission regulations (CFR), this code lists new regulations concerning DOSE limits .

Rad Protection (1 decks)

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