Rad10B Chap 2

Question 1

Aspiration

Answer 1

when foreign objects are swallowed/aspirated into air passage; PA/LAT upper airway

Question 2

Atelectosis

Answer 2

disease in which collapse of all/portion of lung; PA/LAT (PA insp. & exp)

Question 3

Bronchiectosis

Answer 3

irreversible dilation /widening of bronchi/bronchioles; PA/LAT with bronchogram/CT

Question 4

Bronchitis

Answer 4

an acute (ST) or chronic (LT) irritation of bronchi; PA/LAT

Question 5

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Answer 5

most common form of emphysema; PA/LAT

Question 6

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 6

most common INHERITED disease, in which secretions of heavy mucus cause progressive ‘clogging’ of bronchi & bronchioles; PA/LAT

Question 7

Dyspnea

Answer 7

condition of shortness of breath; PA/LAT

Question 8

Emphysema

Answer 8

irreversible & chromic lung disease in which spaces in alveoli become greatly enlarged as a result of alveolar wall destruction; PA/LAT

Question 9

Epiglottis

Answer 9

common in ages 2-5, develops rapidly; PA/LAT

Question 10

Lung Neoplasm

Answer 10

refers to new growth/tumor; may be Benign or MalignantN

Question 11

Benign (Hamartoma)

Answer 11

noncancerous; pulmonary mass and generally found in peripheral regions of lungs; PA/LAT

Question 12

Malignant

Answer 12

cancerous; starts in bronchi (bronchigenic); PA/LAT/CT

Question 13

Occupational Lung Disease

Answer 13

forms of pneumoconiosis; arises from occupational exposures, such mine work, sandblasting, and similar positions; 3 types are silicosis, asbestosis, and anthracosis

Question 14

Anthracosis

Answer 14

aka black lung pneumoconiosis, caused by coal dust;

Question 15

Asbestosis

Answer 15

caused by inhalation of asbestos dust (fibers), in which result in pulmonary fibrosis, especially in smokers

Question 16

Silicosis

Answer 16

permanent condition of lungs that’s caused by inhalation of silica (quartz), twice likely to get TB than others w/o

Question 17

Pleural Effusion

Answer 17

(outdated term is hydrothorax); condition of abnormal accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity; LAT/DECUBITUS w AFFECTED SIDE DOWN, erect positioning

Question 18

Empyema

Answer 18

occurs when the fluid is PUS; type of pleural effusion

Question 19

Hemothorax

Answer 19

occurs when the fluid is BLOD; type of pleural effusion

Question 20

Pleurisy

Answer 20

characterized by inflammation (caused by virus/bacterium) of pleura; PA/LAT

Question 21

Pneumonia

Answer 21

inflammation of lungs that result in accumulation of fluid w/in certain sections of lungs; 4 types; PA/LAT

Question 22

Aspiration pnuemonia

Answer 22

type of pneumonia; foreign object/food into lungs which irritates the bronchi resulting in edema

Question 23

Bronchopnuemonia

Answer 23

bronchitis in both lungs, caused by staph/strep bacteria

Question 24

Lobar pneumonia

Answer 24

generally confined to one/two lobes of lungs

Question 25

Viral (interstitial) pneumonia

Answer 25

inflammation of alveoli and connecting lung structures

Question 26

Pneumothorax

Answer 26

accumulation of air in pleural cavity; erect PA/LAT or LAT DECU w AFFECTED SIDE UP

Question 27

Pulmonary Edema

Answer 27

condition most frequently associated with congestive heart failure; PA/LAT or Horizontal beam (DECUB.)

Question 28

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)

Answer 28

commonly called hyaline membrane disease (HMD) & adult RDS (ARDS); emergent condition in which alveoli and capillaries of lung are injured/infected, resulting in leakage of fluid + blood into spaces between alveoli; PA/LAT erect

Question 29

TB

Answer 29

contagious disease (potentially fatal) that's caused by airborne bacteria

Question 30

Primary TB

Answer 30

TB occurs in person for the first time; Hilar enlargement + along with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes (important indicator of primary tb); PA/LAT

Question 31

Reactivation TB

Answer 31

secondary; develops in adults, upward retraction of hila is frequently evident; AP LORDOTIC/PA/LAT

Question 32

Bony Thorax

Answer 32

protective framework; consists of sternum, clavicles, scapulae, 12 ribs and 12 Thoracic vertebra

Question 33

Purpose of respiratory system

Answer 33

gas exchange between air & blood

Question 34

4 divisions of respiratory system

Answer 34

pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

Question 35

Pharynx

Answer 35

serves as a passageway for food/fluids as well as air

Question 36

Trachea

Answer 36

connects bronchi and larynx

Question 37

Diaphragm

Answer 37

primary muscle for inspiration; inferior to the lungs

Question 38

Important landmarks

Answer 38

Vertebra Prominens (C7) & Jugular Notch (level of of T7)

Question 39

Larynx

Answer 39

"voicebox"; upper margin is at lvl of C3 & lower margin is at lvl of C6;

Question 40

Laryngeal prominence

Answer 40

level of C5; aka Adam's apple

Question 41

thyroid gland

Answer 41

store certain hormones & releases them slowly to aid regulation of body metabolism

Question 42

parathyroid gland

Answer 42

attached to each thyroid lobe (total of 4); stores & secretes certain hormones that aid specific blood functions

Question 43

thymus gland

Answer 43

inferior to thyroid & anterior + supeior to heart

Question 44

Bronchi

Answer 44

trachea bifurcates at the craina to form R & L bronchi

Question 45

what makes the right bronchi unique?

Answer 45

it's wider & shorter, and more vertical; prone to have particles descending the trachea; 3 lobes

Question 46

4 important structures located in mediastinum

Answer 46

Heart (it's great vessels), trachea, esophagus, and thymus gland