RADBIO

Question 1

When is the advent of the age of the atomic bomb happen?

Answer 1

1940s

Question 2

It is a mathematical
relationship between various radiation dose levels and
magnitude of the observed response.

Answer 2

Radiation dose-response relationship

Question 3

Radiation dose response relationship have two important applications in radiology. First, these experimentally determined relationships are used to
design therapeutic treatment routines for _____

Answer 3

patients with cancer

Question 4

Radiobiologic studies also have been designed to yield information on
the ______.

Answer 4

effects of low-dose irradiation

Question 5

These studies and the dose response relationships revealed provide the basis for radiation
management activities and are particularly significant for_____

Answer 5

diagnostic radiology

Question 6

Human responses to radiation exposure fall into two types:

Answer 6

Deterministic or Stochastic

Question 7

Responses usually follow high-dose radiation exposure and appear as an early response

Answer 7

deterministic

Question 8

deterministic exhibit a _____; there is a dose
below which no response occurs.

Answer 8

dose threshold

Question 9

answer true or false.As radiation dose increases, the
severity of the response increases.

Answer 9

true

Question 10

_____- skin burns
represent a deterministic response.

Answer 10

Radiation-induced

Question 11

Stochastic Responses are______.

Answer 11

cancer, leukemia, or genetic effects

Question 12

Such responses
usually follow low radiation exposure and appear as a late radiation
response years later

Answer 12

stochastic

Question 13

In stochastic there is_____ and as radiation
dose increases, the frequency of response in a population increases.

Answer 13

no dose threshold

Question 14

What are the two characteristic radiation dose-response relationship?

Answer 14

linear or nonlinear / threshold or nonthreshold

Question 15

Answer with true or false: These
characteristics can be described mathematically or graphically

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Threshold dose-response
relationship

Answer 16

deterministic

Question 17

Non-threshold dose-response
relationship

Answer 17

stochastic

Question 18

Non-linear dose-response
relationship

Answer 18

deterministic

Question 19

Severity of response increases
with radiation dose

Answer 19

deterministic

Question 20

Linear dose-response
relationship

Answer 20

stochastic

Question 21

Incidence of response
increases with radiation dose

Answer 21

stochastic

Question 22

When the radiation dose is doubled, the
response to radiation likewise is __–

Answer 22

doubled

Question 23

Dose-response relationships A and B
intersect the dose axis at zero or below. These relationships are therefore the _____ type.

Answer 23

linear,
nonthreshold (LNT

Question 24

In a nonthreshold
dose-response relationship, any dose,
regardless of its size, is expected to produce
a response.. Answer with true or false

Answer 24

true

Question 25

At zero dose, relationship A exhibits a measurable response, _--_

Answer 25

RN

Question 26

The level RN, called the_____, indicates that even without radiation exposure, that type of response, such as cancer, occurs

Answer 26

natural response level

Question 27

(Radiation-induced cancer, leukemia, and genetic effects follow a -____,___-_

Answer 27

linear, nonthreshold dose-response relationship.

Question 28

All other radiation dose-response relationships are ____

Answer 28

nonlinear

Question 29

Skin effects resulting from high-dose fluoroscopy follow a __-_

Answer 29

sigmoid-type dose response relationship.)

Question 30

It is very difficult to determine the degree of response, even that of early effects, because the number of experimental animals that can be used is usually ___

Answer 30

small

Question 31

The principal interest in diagnostic imaging is to estimate response at very low radiation doses. Because this cannot be done directly, we -___- the dose-response relationship from the high-dose, known region into the low-dose, unknown region

Answer 31

extrapolate

Question 32

This extrapolation invariably results in a ____-

Answer 32

linear, non-threshold dose-response relationship

Question 33

the natural incidence may be higher and there may be a ___

Answer 33

dose threshold.

Question 34

At very ____ irradiated subjects experience less response than control participants.

Answer 34

low doses

Question 35

Many radiation scientists today believe that the doseresponse relationship associated with medical radiation falls in between the____

Answer 35

LNT and hormesis

Question 36

Regardless of our concern for low radiation doses to large populations, patient radiation dose___-- are totally acceptable considering the benefit to the patient

Answer 36

less than approximately 50 mSv