radiation

Question 1

explain how nucleus cahnges when +beta emmitted

Answer 1

number of neutrons-1
number of protons +1

Question 2

explain how results of rutherford support nuclear model

Answer 2

some go straight thru
mainly empty space
positive nucleus
some alpha particels scattered

Question 3

cahrge of oxygen 12

Answer 3

0 charge

Question 4

when heat is applied to iron it turns red
explain what happenes to electrons

Answer 4

electron changes orbit because heat gives electron energy which makes them break from attraction and becomes unstable so emits radiation (by moving up a shell)

Question 5

how does absorbing an electron affect proton num
and nucleon num

Answer 5

proton num-1 (made it into neutron)
nucleon num stays same \ mass of electron negligible) Lost one proton gained one electron

Question 6

alpha symbol

Answer 6

4
He
2

Question 7

beta symbol (-)

Answer 7

0
e
-1

Question 8

half life defi

Answer 8

the amount of time for the activity of radioactive nucliotide to half

Question 9

explain how nucleus chnages when b- particle emmitted

Answer 9

a neutron becomes a proton and emits an electron

Question 10

what describes an alpha particle

Answer 10

a helium nucleus

Question 11

size of hydrogen atom

Answer 11

10 (to the power of -10)m

Question 12

925g of plutonium
one gram is 0.54W
half life is 87.7 years
calculate average energy released per second by generator after 263

Answer 12

263/87.7=3 half lifes

925x0.54=499.5

499.5/2/2/2=62.4j

Question 13

compare pro and con of nuclear fission and fusion
and what it does

Answer 13

fission
nucleus split by a neutron
releases 2 daughter nuclei+more neutrons+energy
starts a chain reaction

pro
already in use

con
waste is radioactive
hard to dispose of
isnt trusted
make cause accident

fusion(to come together )
nuclei join
at high temp
releases helium+energy

pro
no harmful waste product

con
isnt achieved yet
difficulty achieving high temp(2 protons join together but dont wanna come together cause of electrostatic repulsion)

Question 14

nuclear reactor

explain why control rods are pushed further down into the reactor slows down the chain reaction

Answer 14

control rods absorb neutrons
so fewer neutrons needed for chain reaction

Question 15

describe nuclear fission in a nuclear reactor

Answer 15

energy from nuclear fission used to heat up water and turn into steam which drive turbines that are connected to an electricity generator

Question 16

how is a nuclear bomb created in terms of fission

Answer 16

The chain reaction (fission makes fission makes fission) isnt controlled so huge amounts of energy are released

Question 17

nuclear power station

what part of the nuclear power station provides thermal energy from the chain reaction

Answer 17

nuclear reactor

Question 18

which part of power station tuens kinetic energy into electrical

Answer 18

generator

Question 19

1
H
1
this symbol shows the nucleus consists of

Answer 19

1 proton only

Question 20

compare the charges of helium nucleus and neutron

Answer 20

helium nucleus positive charge
neutron no charge

Question 21

describe nuclear fission

Answer 21

neutron hits nucleus which cause to split up into 2 daughter nuclei which gives off a neutron and so on

Question 22

describe nuclear fusion

Answer 22

fusion (to join)
2 smaller nuclei form together to create 1 larger nuclei

Question 23

explain why nuclear fusion creates soo much energy

Answer 23

some of the mass from the smaller nuclei is converted into energy rather than transferred into the larger nucleus