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N5 Physics > Radiation > Flashcards

Radiation Flashcards

1
Q

what is the role of the moderator in a nuclear reactor

A

slow down fast neutrons

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2
Q

what is the role of the fuel rods in a nuclear reactor

A

contain the nuclei that undergo fission

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3
Q

what is the role of the cooling system in a nuclear reactor

A

transfer heat to the boiler

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4
Q

what is the role of the containment vessel in a nuclear reactor

A

absorbs neutrons and radiation

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5
Q

use the words Tokamak, plasma and magnetic fields to describe how nuclear fusion can be controlled

A

a Tokamak uses magnetic fields to contain a high temperature plasma where nuclear fusion can take place

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6
Q

symbol and unit for equivalent dose

A

H (Sv)

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7
Q

2 advantages of nuclear fusion

A

more energy released for each kilo of fuel used
less radioactive waste

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8
Q

symbol and unit for absorbed dose

A

D (Gy)

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9
Q

what is meant by half life

A

the time for activity to fall to half of its original value

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10
Q

3 safety procedures when using nuclear radiation

A

never use bare hands
never bring source close to eyes
store source in shielded box when not in use

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11
Q

what is ionisation

A

ionisation is the gain or loss of an electron from an atom

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12
Q

symbol and unit for equivalent dose rate

A

H ‘dot’ (Sv/s, Sv/minute, Sv/h)

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13
Q

what are the 3 types of nuclear radiation

A

alpha, beta and gamma

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14
Q

another name for alpha is

A

helium nucleus

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15
Q

another name for beta radiation

A

fast moving electron

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16
Q

another name for gamma radiation

A

high energy electromagnetic radiation

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17
Q

increasing shielding has what effect on the dose

A

reduces the dose

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18
Q

increasing the distance between the radioactive sample and the person has what effect on the dose

A

reduces the dose

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19
Q

increasing the time exposed has what effect on the dose

A

increases the dose

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20
Q

arrange alpha, beta and gamma in order of mass (large-small)

A

alpha, beta, gamma

21
Q

charge of alpha particle

A

positive

22
Q

charge of beta particle

A

negative

23
Q

charge of gamma radiation

A

no charge

24
Q

what is the name given to radiation that everyone is exposed to everyday

A

background radiation

25
Q

thinnest material beta is absorbed by

A

3mm aluminium

26
Q

thinnest material gamma is absorbed by

A

10cm lead

27
Q

3 natural sources of background radiation

A

cosmic rays
radon gas
radioactive rocks

28
Q

arrange alpha beta and gamma in order of ionisation ability (large-small)

A

alpha beta gamma

29
Q

distance travelled by alpha in air is

A

up to 10 cm

30
Q

distance travelled in air by beta

A

up to 1m

31
Q

distance travelled in air by gamma

A

up tp 1km

32
Q

thinnest material alpha is absorbed by

A

paper

33
Q

describe a nuclear fusion reaction

A

two smaller nuclei combine to produce a larger nucleus and release energy

34
Q

what is a radiation weighting factor

A

a measure of biological harm from the type of radiation

35
Q

how are radioactive sources used in medicine for treatment

A

high dose of radiation is used to kill cancerous cells

36
Q

describe a chain reaction

A

a nuclear fission reaction releases several neutrons, which can cause further nuclear fission reactions

37
Q

what is the role of the control rods in a nuclear reaction

A

absorb neutrons

38
Q

describe nuclear fission

A

nuclei of a larger mass splits into 2 or more nuclei of a smaller mass releasing energy

39
Q

which type of radiation is most suitable for use in medical diagnosis

A

gamma (penetrate the skin)

40
Q

3 uses of nuclear radiation in industry

A

tracers, sterilisation, smoke detectors

41
Q

3 detectors of nuclear radiation

A

geiger muller tube and counter
photographic film
scintillation counter

42
Q

what is activity

A

the number of decays that occur each second

43
Q

man-made sources of background radiation

A

nuclear power stations
atomic weapons testing
nuclear medicine

44
Q

2 advantages of nuclear fission

A

does not produce greenhouse gases
smaller mass of fuel needed compared to coal or oil power stations

45
Q

how are radioactive sources used for diagnosis

A

radioactive source injected/ swallowed by the patient and radiation produced is monitored from outside the body

46
Q

when measuring the count rate of a sample the background radiation must be removed. What is left

A

corrected count rate

47
Q

What is the effective dose of radioactive workers

A

20mSv

48
Q

What is the effective dose of a member of public

A

1mSv

49
Q

What is the average effective dose in the uk

A

2.2mSv

N5 Physics (6 decks)

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