Radiation

Question 0

What charge is on an Electron?

Answer 0

Negative.

Question 1

What charge is on a Proton?

Answer 1

Positive.

Question 2

What charge is on a Neutron?

Answer 2

Neutral.

Question 3

What is most of an atom?

Answer 3

Empty space.

Question 4

What are isotopes?

Answer 4

Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons v

Question 5

What is a radioactive substance?

Answer 5

A substance that gives out radiation.

Question 6

How can radioactive substances be stopped from giving out radiation?

Answer 6

There is no way.

Question 7

What is the pattern of Radioactive decay?

Answer 7

Random.

Question 8

How does temperature affect radioactive decay?

Answer 8

It doesn’t.

Question 9

What is background radiation?

Answer 9

Radiation that is always there.

Question 10

What is an alpha particle made of?

Answer 10

Helium nuclei.

Question 11

What is a Helium Nuclei made of?

Answer 11

Two neutrons and two protons

Question 12

How fast do alpha particles move?

Answer 12

Slowly.

Question 13

What is the penetration of alpha particles?

Answer 13

Very little penetration that doesn’t go far.

Question 14

How ionising are Alpha particles and how does this affect penetration?

Answer 14

They are large, so are very ionising. They hit a lot of atoms and knock of their electrons and this causes them to slow down.

Question 15

What does ionising mean?

Answer 15

Bashing off the electrons of other atoms.

Question 16

What are beta particles made of?

Answer 16

Electrons

Question 17

What is less penetrating than Beta radiation?

Answer 17

Alpha

Question 18

What is more penetrating than Beta?

Answer 18

Gamma

Question 19

How fast do beta particles travel?

Answer 19

Quite fast.

They’re I between gamma and alpha

Question 20

What is the range for Beta particles like?

Answer 20

They have a wide range in air but because they’re moderately ionising they only slightly penetrate.

Question 21

What is a beta particles charge?

Answer 21

Minus one

Question 22

How ionising are beta particles!

Answer 22

Moderately.

They’re in between gamma and alpha.

Question 23

What are gamma rays made of?

Answer 23

Short EM waves.

Question 24

What is the penetration of Gamma rays?

Answer 24

They penetrate very far and cannot be stopped by air b

Question 25

How ionising are gamma rays?

Answer 25

They are weakly ionising. They pass through rather than collide with atoms

Question 26

What is the charge of Gamma rays?

Answer 26

None, they have no charge.

Question 27

What is the charge of an Alpha particle?

Answer 27

Positive.

Question 28

What is the mass of a gamma ray?

Answer 28

Zero.

Question 29

Name a job that increases does of radiation?

Answer 29

Radiographer Nuclear industry workers Uranium miners

Question 30

How can alpha and era particles be deflected?

Answer 30

They get deflected by electric and magnetic fields.

Question 31

Why do alpha particles get deflected by magnetic or electric fields?

Answer 31

Because they have a positive charge.

Question 32

Why do Beta particles get deflected by an electric or magnetic field?

Answer 32

They have a negative charge.

Question 33

What is the half life?

Answer 33

The average time it takes for the number of radioactive nuclei in a sample to have halved.

Question 34

What sort of radiation does a smoke detector use?

Answer 34

Alpha.

Question 35

How does a fire alarm work?

Answer 35

The ionisation of alpha particles creates a current. If there is a fire the smoke will absorb the radiation and the current stops. This is when the alarm sounds.

Question 36

What sorts of radiation are used in tracers?

Answer 36

Beta or gamma.

Question 37

Why is Alpha not used in medical tracers?

Answer 37

It won't pass out the body quickly and will ionise cells

Question 38

What is radiotherapy?

Answer 38

Using gamma rays to kill cancerous cells.

Question 39

What sort of radiation is used in sterilisation of food?

Answer 39

Gamma rays.

Question 40

How do gamma rays sterilise food and medical instruments?

Answer 40

It kills all the microbes.

Question 41

What is the advantage of irradiation over boiling?

Answer 41

It doesn't involve high temperatures