Radiation and chemotherapy Flashcards
(44 cards)
Therapeutic ratio
Therapeutic effect of radiation on tumor vs normal tissue toxicity
Fractionation
Use of small doses of ionizing radiation over time (interval between doses allows for normal cell repair of sublethal damage)
Dose-rate
Rate at which ionizing radiation is administered in a single fractionation (lower means more capacity for cells to repair sublethal injury)
Compton scatter
Primary means of interaction in modern RT; incident photon interacts with outer shell electrons resulting in ejection from the atom and further interaction with other atoms
Logrhythmic cell death
Chemo is thought to kill tumor cells by first order kinetics, ie. a fraction rather than a number of tumor cells
How many tumor cells can be detectable if achieving prolonged survival or cure
<10,000
Alopecia
Alkylating agents, plant alkaloids, most antimetabolites (NOT platinum)
Peripheral neuropathy
Taxol, platinum agents, ifosphamide, cyclofosphamide
CNS neuropathy
Ifosphamide, cyclofosphamide
Cardiac dysrhythmia
Taxol, doxorubicin
Cardiomyopathy
Doxorubicin (less likely with doxil)
Hypersensitvity
Taxol, platinum (less common)
Pulmonary fibrosis
Bleomycin
Renal toxicity
Platinum (cisplatin worse)
Hemorrhagic cystitis
Ifosphamide, cyclophosphamide
Vessicants
Antitumor abx, antimetabolites
Palmar plantar erythrodysthesia (PPE)
Doxil
Radiation recall
Doxorubicin, actinomycin D
Mucositis
Anti-tumor abx, antimetabolites
Premature ovarian failure
Alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, doxorubicin, bleomycin)
Mechanism of paclitaxel (Taxol)
Stabilization of microtubule apparatus
Mechanism of cisplatin
Forms DNA adducts, single and double strand DNA breaks
Mechanism of carboplatin
Forms DNA adducts, single and double strand DNA breaks
Cisplatin vs carboplatin
Cisplatin more nephro- and neuro-toxic, emetogenic; carboplatin causes myelosuppression, less other side effects
