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Radiation Biology Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

Discovery of X-ray Tube

A

Roentgen 1895

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2
Q

Discovery of Radioactivity

A

Becquerel 1896

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3
Q

Radiation LD-50

A

5,000 mSv

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4
Q

Hiroshima survivors

A

63%

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5
Q

Nagasaki survivors

A

73%

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6
Q

Risk of dying from cancer without added radiation exposure

A

27.1%

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7
Q

Radiation level at which Cell killing starts:

A

1,000 Sv

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8
Q

Photoelectric effect

A

up to 50 keV. photon knocks out photoelectron

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9
Q

Compton effect

A

60 keV to 2 MeV. photon hits electron, releases compton electron and scatter photon

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10
Q

Pair formation

A

5 MeV and higher. photon interacts with nucleus to produce electron and positron

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11
Q

eV to make an ion pair

A

34 eV per ion pair

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12
Q

Linear Energy Transfer

A

energy per unit path length

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13
Q

usually earliest cancer following high dose of radiation

A

leukemia

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14
Q

5 mSv equates to what excess lifetime cancer risk?

A

0.025%

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15
Q

20 mSv equates to what excess lifetime cancer risk?

A

0.100%

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16
Q

50 mSv equates to what excess lifetime cancer risk?

A

0.25%

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17
Q

500 mSv equates to what excess lifetime cancer risk?

A

2.5%

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18
Q

5,000 mSv equates to what excess lifetime cancer risk?

A

25%

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19
Q

Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE)

A

Factor to compare radiation types.

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20
Q

RBE equation

Study These Flashcards
A

Dose(reference)/Dose(test) - inverse ratio of absorbed radiation required to produce given effect to a standard

21
Q

Direct effect of Ionizing Radiation

Study These Flashcards
A

ionization, excitation

22
Q

Indirect effects

Study These Flashcards
A

free radical generation

23
Q

Product of radiolysis of water

Study These Flashcards
A

hydroxyl free radical

24
Q

G-Value

Study These Flashcards
A 
# of molecules formed per 100 eV of radiation
(efficiency of production of a particular product)
25
Oxygen effect
Cells in anoxic conditions are less sensitive to ionizing radiation. Free oxygen binds to ionized sites, "fixing" it so can not re-bind with hydrogen
26
Oxygen Enhancement Ratio (OER)
Radiation dose required to inactivate cell population in absence of oxygen vs with oxygen
27
Types of DNA damage
Base, Sugar, SS, DS, Base-free sites, Alkali-labile, DNA-protein cross link
28
Bragg peak
point of highest energy deposition. energy drops off immediately after
29
unstable chromosome abberations
dicentrics rings large deletions
30
stable (viable) chromosome abberations
balanced translocations inversions small deletions
31
Cerebrovascular syndrome
>20 Gy, dead in 24-48 hours
32
Gastrointestinal Syndrome
5 - 20 Gy. Death in 5-10 days
33
Hematopoetic syndrome
2.5-5 Gy. Symptoms 3-4 weeks later.
34
Efficacy for Bone Marrow transplant
8-10 Gy only
35
Treatments to improve LD50
antibiotics bone marrow transplant platelet infusion
36
Dose to fetus (after >16 weeks) of no concern
0.05 Gy
37
pre-implantation time and effects
0-9 days; lethal effects
38
organogenesis time and effects
10 days - 6 weeks; malformations
39
fetal period time and effects
6 weeks to term; growth retardation
40
Report of Ionizing Exposure to population of the US
NCRP report 160
41
CT and Nuclear Medicine % increase to exposure
600% increase
42
absolute risk
disease incidence in a population 250 people / 100,000 population
43
relative risk
absolute risk in unexposed population relative to exposed population 250 cases/100,000 (exposed) _______________________ 50 cases/100,000(unexposed
44
odds ratio
odds of diseased person having been exposed relative to non-diseased person Exposed and diseased/not exposed and diseased / exposed not-diseased/not exposed and non-diseased
45
type of study for odds ratio
case control study
46
Excess Relative Risk
Relative Risk - 1
47
When do you use Odds Ratios
1. Cases are representative of all people with disease from the population 2. controls are representative 3. infrequent disease
48
Ecological Studies
People are studied as a group i.e. at population level
49
Ecological Fallacy
infer association b/w disease and exposure for individuals based on their group association

Radiation Protection (11 decks)

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