Radiation of Bony Fish

Question 1

Class: Ray Finned Fish, Teleosts

Answer 1

Osteichthyes (Actinopterygii)

Question 2

Class: Ceolecanths

Answer 2

Actinistia

Question 3

Class: Lungfish

Answer 3

Dipnoi

Question 4

(3) Synapomophies for Bony Fish

Answer 4

• Endocondrial bone (internal skeleton)
• Chondocrainial fissure (flexible head movement)
• Bone in fin webs (powerful movement)

Question 5

Two types of lobed finned fish

Answer 5

Ceolecanths, sarcopterygii

Question 6

Paleoniscoids’ scales made of

Answer 6

Ganoine (enamel)

Question 7

Cosmine scales derived of

Answer 7

Dentine

Question 8

A lobe-finned bony fish

Answer 8

Sarcopterygians

Question 9

(5)Synapomorphies of Osteichthyes

Answer 9

• Large forebrain
• Loss of rigid dermal armor
• Jaw modified for suction feeding
• Pharyngeal teeth
• Fins

Question 10

Definition of Synapomorphies

Answer 10

Trait that is shared by two or more taxa and inferred to have been present in their most recent common ancestor, whose own ancestor in turn is inferred to not possess the trait

Question 11

A synapomorphy that aided in the most diversification in body fish

Answer 11

Jaws

Question 12

Meaning of Chondrostei

Answer 12

Chondro- cartilage, Drostei- Bone

Question 13

(3) Osteichthyes’/Actinopterygii Subclasses

Answer 13

• Chondrostei (ancestral ray finned fishes),
• Neopterygi (derived, ray finned fishes)
• Teleosts

Question 14

(2) Condrostei’s Orders

Answer 14

Polypteriformes, Acipenseriforms

Question 15

(2) Acipenseriforms Families

Answer 15

• Polydontidae

- Acipenseridae

Question 16

(3)Characteristics of Polypteriformes

Answer 16

• Symplesiomorphy with extinct actinopterygians = heavily armored (ganoine scales)
• Autapomorphy among fishes = well-ossified skeleton
• African

Question 17

(3) Characteristics of Acipenseridae

Answer 17

• Benthic Fresh water
• Reduced dermal skeleton
• Elaborate jaw protrusion (suction feeders)

Question 18

(3) Characteristics of Lepisosteriformes

Answer 18

• Predators of warm fresh and brackish
• Interlocking multilayered scales
• Fast and excellently camouflaged

Question 19

(4) Characteristics of Amiiforms

Answer 19

• Thin scales, single layer of bone
• Elongated
• Has armour
• Bottom of estuaries

Question 20

(2) Sub Classes of Neopterygi

Answer 20

Lepisosteriformes and Amiiforms

Question 21

(4) Orders of Teleosts

Answer 21

• Osteoglossomorpha (Bone-Tongue)
• Elopomorpha: Eels
• Clupeomorpha (Nemo Fish, shimmery)
• Euteleostei (Lightweight fins, filter feeders)

Question 22

Elopomorpha use what reproduction strategy

Answer 22

Leptocephalous larvae (free-drifting; for dispersal)

Question 23

Bony Fish: Anugilliform Locomotion

Answer 23

Half or more of posterior undulates, slow (shark, hag fish), reduced caudal fin and slender body

Question 24

Bony Fish: Carangiform Locomotion

Answer 24

-Some of caudal body region undulates

Question 25

Bony Fish: Ostraciiform Locomotion

Answer 25

- Only caudal fin undulates - Fast, - Enlarged caudal fin (Tuna)

Question 26

(3) Bony Fish: Reproduction Characteristics

Answer 26

- Oviparous (egg laying) - Freshwater: demersal eggs, hatch into adults - Marine: pelagic (floating in open water)