Radiation Overview

Question 0

What is non-ionizing radiation?

Answer 0

Moving molecules around
It can “heat” tissue
It can NOT remove an e- from an atom

Question 1

What is ionizing radiation?

Answer 1

When an e- escapes from the shell of an atom

Question 2

Stochastic effect

Answer 2

Random

More radiation =more chance of effect
Ex. Cancer and genetic damage

Question 3

Non-stochastic effect

Answer 3

More radiation =more severe effect

Ex. Cataracts, skin reddening, etc…

Question 4

What is radiation?

Answer 4

Energy that travels through space.

Question 5

Types of ionizing radiation

Answer 5

X-Ray 
Gamma rays
Neutrons
Beta particles
Alpha particles

Question 6

Quality factor:(QF)

Gamma rays

X-Rays

Beta particles

Answer 6

1

Question 7

Quality factor:(QF)

Neutrons

Answer 7

5-20

Depending on the energy

Question 8

Quality factor (QF):

Alpha particle

Answer 8

20

Internally

Question 9

Dose x QF = ?

Unit = rad or Gy

Answer 9

Effective dose

Unit = rem or Sv

Question 10

Exposure limit:

             Occupational

Answer 10

5000 mrem/ yr

Question 11

Exposure limit:

                 Minors

Answer 11

500 mrem/ yr

Question 12

Exposure limit:

                  Fetus

Answer 12

500 mrem/entire pregnancy

Question 13

Exposure limit

Occupational

Answer 13

5000 mrem/yr

Question 14

Exposure limit

Minors

Answer 14

500 mrem/yr

Question 15

Exposure limit

Fetus

Answer 15

500 mrem entire pregnancy

Question 16

Exposure limit NRC vault

Answer 16

100 mrem

Question 17

Exposure limit

Eye

Answer 17

15000 mrem

Question 18

Exposure limit

Skin

Answer 18

50000 mrem

Question 19

Exposure limit

Extremities

Answer 19

50000 mrem

Question 20

Exposure limit

Avg RTT occupational

Answer 20

100 mrem /yr

Question 21

ALARA

Answer 21

As 
Low
As
Reasonably
Achievable

Question 22

Minimize exposure by:

Answer 22

Time

Distance

Shielding

Question 23

1 Curie (Ci) =

Answer 23

3.7 x 10 ^10 d/s

Disintegrations per seconds

Question 24

1 d/s=

Answer 24

1BQ

Question 25

1 Curie = ______ of radium -226

Answer 25

1 gram

Question 26

Exposure is measured in ?

Answer 26

Roentgen (R) Only measured in air

Question 27

1 roentgen =

Answer 27

2.58 x 10^-4 C/kg in air

Question 28

coulomb (C) measures what?

Answer 28

Charge

Question 29

Kilogram (kg) measures what?

Answer 29

Mass

Question 30

Uncharged particles are...

Answer 30

Photons ( x-rays, gamma rays)

Question 31

Dose is calculated ( not measured) in what unit?

Answer 31

Rad (radiation absorbed dose)

Question 32

The definition of dose is?

Answer 32

The amount of energy imparted from ionizing radiation to any material of mass

Question 33

1Gy = _____ rads

Answer 33

100 rads

Question 34

1 cGy = ______ rads

Answer 34

1 rad

Question 35

What's the unit of energy?

Answer 35

Joule (J)

Question 36

How much energy is one Gy = to?

Answer 36

1 J/kg

Question 37

What is dose equivalent units

Answer 37

Rem or H H= rad x QF

Question 38

Dose equivalent measures a persons _____?

Answer 38

Risk

Question 39

1Sv= ____rem

Answer 39

100 rem

Question 40

kilo (k)

Answer 40

1000 10^3

Question 41

Mega (M)

Answer 41

10^6

Question 42

Gigs (G)

Answer 42

10^9

Question 43

Centi (c)

Answer 43

1/100 10^2

Question 44

Milli (m)

Answer 44

1/1000 10^3

Question 45

Micro (ü)

Answer 45

10^-6

Question 46

Nano (n)

Answer 46

10^-9

Question 47

Pico (p)

Answer 47

10^-12

Question 48

Femto (f)

Answer 48

10^-15

Question 49

Exposure = _______/_______

Answer 49

Charge /mass

Question 50

Dose = _______/________

Answer 50

Energy/mass

Question 51

Units of energy are?

Answer 51

Joule or eV

Question 52

Electron has a charge of

Answer 52

-1

Question 53

Neutron has a charge of

Answer 53

0

Question 54

Proton has a charge of?

Answer 54

+1

Question 55

Photon has a charge of?

Answer 55

0

Question 56

^A X z A=? Z=? X=?

Answer 56

A= atomic mass. (Mass#) Z=atomic number (# of protons) X= element

Question 57

IsotoPe?

Answer 57

Same # of Protons Two elements (X) that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons Same atomic #, different mass#

Question 58

IsotoNe?

Answer 58

Same # of neutrons different # of protons

Question 59

Corresponding unit for rad

Answer 59

Absorbed dose

Question 60

Corresponding unit for Ci

Answer 60

Radioactivity

Question 61

Corresponding unit for Roentgen

Answer 61

Exposure

Question 62

Corresponding unit for MeV

Answer 62

Energy

Question 63

Isotope

Answer 63

Same # of p | Diff# of n

Question 64

Isotone

Answer 64

Same # of n | Diff # of p

Question 65

Isobar

Answer 65

Same # of nucleons | Diff # of protons

Question 66

Isomer

Answer 66

Same # of protons and neutrons

Question 67

Binding Energy | BE

Answer 67

The energy required to hold an electron in a shell Bigger atom = higher BE Higher Z = higher BE

Question 68

Electron volts eV

Answer 68

The kinetic energy (energy in motion) imparted to an electron to accelerate it to a potential difference of 1 volt

Question 69

Radioactivity

Answer 69

The process of a nucleus getting rid of energy by emitting protons, neutron , gamma rays Nucleus gets rid of excess energy

Question 70

Radioactive decay

Answer 70

The number of atoms that disintegrate per unit time

Question 71

Newtons Law of inertia

Answer 71

A body at rest tends to stay at rest A body in motion tends to stay in motion Unless outside force is applied

Question 72

Inverse square

Answer 72

(I1)(d2)=(I2)(d2)

Question 73

Acceleration is?

Answer 73

Change in velocity over time V __ T

Question 74

Exposure rate has to be below_____ in radiation?

Answer 74

2mR

Question 75

The energy of a photon is = to???

Answer 75

Frequency x planks constant