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Radiation Physics > Radiation Overview > Flashcards

Radiation Overview Flashcards

0
Q

What is non-ionizing radiation?

A

Moving molecules around
It can “heat” tissue
It can NOT remove an e- from an atom

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1
Q

What is ionizing radiation?

A

When an e- escapes from the shell of an atom

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2
Q

Stochastic effect

A

Random

More radiation =more chance of effect
Ex. Cancer and genetic damage

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3
Q

Non-stochastic effect

A

More radiation =more severe effect

Ex. Cataracts, skin reddening, etc…

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4
Q

What is radiation?

A

Energy that travels through space.

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5
Q

Types of ionizing radiation

A 
X-Ray 
Gamma rays
Neutrons
Beta particles
Alpha particles
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6
Q

Quality factor:(QF)

Gamma rays

X-Rays

Beta particles

A

1

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7
Q

Quality factor:(QF)

Neutrons

A

5-20

Depending on the energy

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8
Q

Quality factor (QF):

Alpha particle

A

20

Internally

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9
Q

Dose x QF = ?

Unit = rad or Gy

A

Effective dose

Unit = rem or Sv

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10
Q

Exposure limit:

             Occupational
A

5000 mrem/ yr

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11
Q

Exposure limit:

                 Minors
A

500 mrem/ yr

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12
Q

Exposure limit:

                  Fetus
A

500 mrem/entire pregnancy

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13
Q

Exposure limit

Occupational

A

5000 mrem/yr

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14
Q

Exposure limit

Minors

A

500 mrem/yr

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15
Q

Exposure limit

Fetus

A

500 mrem entire pregnancy

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16
Q

Exposure limit NRC vault

A

100 mrem

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17
Q

Exposure limit

Eye

A

15000 mrem

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18
Q

Exposure limit

Skin

A

50000 mrem

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19
Q

Exposure limit

Extremities

A

50000 mrem

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20
Q

Exposure limit

Avg RTT occupational

A

100 mrem /yr

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21
Q

ALARA

A 
As 
Low
As
Reasonably
Achievable
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22
Q

Minimize exposure by:

A

Time

Distance

Shielding

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23
Q

1 Curie (Ci) =

A

3.7 x 10 ^10 d/s

Disintegrations per seconds

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24
Q

1 d/s=

A

1BQ

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25
Q

1 Curie = ______ of radium -226

A

1 gram

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26
Q

Exposure is measured in ?

A

Roentgen (R)

Only measured in air

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27
Q

1 roentgen =

A

2.58 x 10^-4 C/kg in air

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28
Q

coulomb (C) measures what?

A

Charge

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29
Q

Kilogram (kg) measures what?

A

Mass

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30
Q

Uncharged particles are…

A

Photons ( x-rays, gamma rays)

31
Q

Dose is calculated ( not measured) in what unit?

A

Rad (radiation absorbed dose)

32
Q

The definition of dose is?

A

The amount of energy imparted from ionizing radiation to any material of mass

33
Q

1Gy = _____ rads

A

100 rads

34
Q

1 cGy = ______ rads

A

1 rad

35
Q

What’s the unit of energy?

A

Joule (J)

36
Q

How much energy is one Gy = to?

A

1 J/kg

37
Q

What is dose equivalent units

A

Rem or H

H= rad x QF

38
Q

Dose equivalent measures a persons _____?

A

Risk

39
Q

1Sv= ____rem

A

100 rem

40
Q

kilo (k)

A

1000

10^3

41
Q

Mega (M)

A

10^6

42
Q

Gigs (G)

A

10^9

43
Q

Centi (c)

A

1/100

10^2

44
Q

Milli (m)

A

1/1000

10^3

45
Q

Micro (ü)

A

10^-6

46
Q

Nano (n)

A

10^-9

47
Q

Pico (p)

A

10^-12

48
Q

Femto (f)

A

10^-15

49
Q

Exposure = _______/_______

A

Charge /mass

50
Q

Dose = _______/________

A

Energy/mass

51
Q

Units of energy are?

A

Joule or eV

52
Q

Electron has a charge of

A

-1

53
Q

Neutron has a charge of

A

0

54
Q

Proton has a charge of?

A

+1

55
Q

Photon has a charge of?

A

0

56
Q

^A
X
z

A=?
Z=?
X=?

A

A= atomic mass. (Mass#)

Z=atomic number (# of protons)

X= element

57
Q

IsotoPe?

A

Same # of Protons

Two elements (X) that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Same atomic #, different mass#

58
Q

IsotoNe?

A

Same # of neutrons different # of protons

59
Q

Corresponding unit for rad

A

Absorbed dose

60
Q

Corresponding unit for Ci

A

Radioactivity

61
Q

Corresponding unit for Roentgen

A

Exposure

62
Q

Corresponding unit for MeV

A

Energy

63
Q

Isotope

A

Same # of p

Diff# of n

64
Q

Isotone

A

Same # of n

Diff # of p

65
Q

Isobar

A

Same # of nucleons

Diff # of protons

66
Q

Isomer

A

Same # of protons and neutrons

67
Q

Binding Energy

BE

A

The energy required to hold an electron in a shell

Bigger atom = higher BE

Higher Z = higher BE

68
Q

Electron volts

eV

A

The kinetic energy (energy in motion) imparted to an electron to accelerate it to a potential difference of 1 volt

69
Q

Radioactivity

A

The process of a nucleus getting rid of energy by emitting protons, neutron , gamma rays

Nucleus gets rid of excess energy

70
Q

Radioactive decay

A

The number of atoms that disintegrate per unit time

71
Q

Newtons Law of inertia

A

A body at rest tends to stay at rest

A body in motion tends to stay in motion

Unless outside force is applied

72
Q

Inverse square

A

(I1)(d2)=(I2)(d2)

73
Q

Acceleration is?

A

Change in velocity over time

V
__
T

74
Q

Exposure rate has to be below_____ in radiation?

A

2mR

75
Q

The energy of a photon is = to???

A

Frequency x planks constant

Radiation Physics (1 decks)

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