Radical Modernism

Question 1

Who is in the second veinese School?

Answer 1

Schoenberg, Berg, Webern

Question 2

What do we need to know about Berg?

Answer 2

He made Wozzeck

-the atonal expressionist opera

Question 3

How is Wozzeck traditional?

Answer 3

it uses leitmotifs and uses traditional forms (suite, rhapsody etc)
-it is well thought out expressionism, not just random

Question 4

Wozzeck Act III, Scene III

Answer 4

Berg

• Opera
• 1917
• unifies scene through developing variation
• almost constant reference to familiar
• he used expressionist techniques while keeping with traditional forms

Question 5

How did Berg write his rows

Answer 5

in such a way that they allowed tonal-sounding chords, progressions

Question 6

What are the other pieces that Berg wrote besides Wozzeck?

Answer 6

Lyric suite, violin concerto, and Lulu (his second opera)

Question 7

how did Anton Weber view music history?

Answer 7

• natural law
• great art does what is necessary
• evolution in art is necessary
• history and musical idioms can ONLY MOVE FORWARD

Question 8

Is equality justice?

Answer 8

no

Question 9

Symphony Op. 21 (175)

Answer 9

Webern

• Symphony
• 1927
• entire movement is 2x cannon in inversion
• deliberately integrates them
• Applies Schoenberg’s concept of Klangfarbenmelodie

Question 10

How much influence did Webern have?

Answer 10

not a lot

Question 11

Where was stravinsky born?

Answer 11

St. Petersburg

Question 12

Did Stravisnky ever go to a conservatory?

Answer 12

no

Question 13

What boosts Stravisnky to fame?

Answer 13

His ballets

• Petruschka
• firebird
• rite of spring

Question 14

Who was Stravisnky’s main funding person?

Answer 14

Sergei Diaghilev

Question 15

What did Rite of Spring Cause?

Answer 15

a freakin’ Riot!!!!

Question 16

Where did Stravisnky move to during war years?

Answer 16

Switzerland

Question 17

Where did STrav go during WWII?

Answer 17

THe US

Question 18

What did Starvisnky bring from Russia?

Answer 18

• The undermining of meter
• Good for French because that language does not have a lot of accents… it’s fluid
• pervasive ostanato (repeating figure in base)
• layering and juxtaposition of static blocks of sound
• dry antilyrical, colorful use of instruments

Question 19

What is period number 1 for Stravinsky?

Answer 19

the Russian period

Question 20

What company performed Stravisnky’s ballets in paris?

Answer 20

Ballets Russes

Question 21

How can a composer AVOID a pull towards tonic?

Answer 21

using the octatonic scale which has 2 major triads a tritone away

Question 22

what is primitivism?

Answer 22

evocation of elemental, simple, natural state of prehistoric peoples

Question 23

Which piece did we talk about having primitivism?

Answer 23

The Rite of Spring

-Igor Stravinsky

Question 24

What is characteristic of Stravinsky’s works?

Answer 24

they don’t really elide (DISCONTINUITY)

-like where one phrase goes into the next

Question 25

DANSE DES ADOLESCENTES (from Rite of spring)

Answer 25

- Stravinsky - 1911 - Ballet - Undermining meter - ostinatos - juxtaposes static blocks of blocks

Question 26

How did composers establish their place in classical repertoire?

Answer 26

They used neoclassicism in their works

Question 27

Symphony of Psalms

Answer 27

``` Stravinsky Choral Symphony 1930 -Changing meters -unexpected rests -scoring for 2x reed instruments, evokes renaissance consort ```

Question 28

Serial period

Answer 28

- 12 tone methods extended to parameters other than pitch | - music based on series became known as serial music

Question 29

Who popularized neoclassicism?

Answer 29

Stravinsky

Question 30

What is important to know about Bela Bartok

Answer 30

- He was a virtuoso pianist, educator, ethnomusicologist, and composer - performed as virtuoso pianist all over Europe

Question 31

What was Stravinsky's 2nd period?

Answer 31

the neoclassical period

Question 32

Mikrokosmos No. 23, Staccato and legato

Answer 32

Bartok - etude - 1926-39 - use of canon andinversion between the two hands - successfully blended peasant and classical traditions - tonal structure reminiscent of Bach

Question 33

Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta (MSP)

Answer 33

-Bela Bartok -symphony suite -1936 -neotonality (1 and 5 w/o common practice harmony) -analogous to modal melodies and folk songs -form and counterpoint from classical tradition

Question 34

Charles Ives

Answer 34

- did not study music lot | - works in obscurity for most of his life

Question 35

What was Charles Ives's Father?

Answer 35

a bandmaster -so, he was around a lot of small town music (church, band) -

Question 36

What are Ives' four distinct spheres

Answer 36

- vernacular music - protestant church music - European classical music - experimental music

Question 37

General William Booth Enters into Heaven

Answer 37

``` Charles Ives Song 1914 -art song drawn from American vernacular and Church music -experimental piano drumming -polytonality and novel chord structure ```

Question 38

Piano Suite Op. 25

Answer 38

``` Schoenberg Suite 1921 -Founded the 12-tone method -12-tone rows stand for keys -shaped course of musical practice in the 20th century ```

Question 39

Pierrot lunaire Op. 21

Answer 39

Schoenberg 1912 song cycle -had expressionist elements (Sprechstimme) -return to form (motives, themes, etc..) -had traditional elements (varied repetition)