Radicalisation, De-radicalisation And Disengagement. Women In Terrorism Flashcards
define single issue terrorism
Focus on things like environment, nuclear, abortion, animal rights etc
define lone wolf terrorism
the perpetrator acts alone without direction from an outside group. In some cases such as the Columbine High School massacre, two students shot and killed 12 students and one teacher. This still meets the academic definition of lone actor shooting, because the perpetrators carried out the killings without direction from anyone else
the killings occurred in a public situation. Mass murders such as familicides where one member of a family kills all other members in the family home are not considered as lone actor shootings.
the murders were not committed as part of some other criminal act such as a robbery or as part of gang conflict in which multiple individuals are shot.
Are all definitions the same?
no
What can ‘Lone’ mean?
Lone as in not conected to an organisation; or
Lone as in only one attacker
What factors might mobilise a person to take part in terrorist activity?
Significant life event
Mental health
What is radicalisation?
a process through which an individual, group, or community become more extreme in their attitude OR behaviour
McCauley and Moskalenko mechanisms for radicalisation?
Individual
Group
Mass
What is the two pyrioamid model?
McCauley and Moskalenko 2017
Opinion and Action are two separate pyramids with increasing radicalised behaviour as you go up. It demonstrates that there is no conveyor belt to terrorism as someone can have low radicalisation of opinion yet display radicalisation of actions
2 pyramid model, what are the layers in the action side?
Inert
Activists
Radicals
Terrorists
2 pyramid model, what are the layers in the opinion side?
Neutral
Sympathisers
Justifiers
Personal Moral obligation
What is the difference between radicalisation of opinion and radicalisation of behaviour?
Opinion is your views on a topic
Behaviour is potential to act based on a topic
Both are mutually exclusive which indicates there is no conveyor belt to terrorism
What is deradicalisation?
a cognitive change, usually the result of a reorientation in belief or ideology
What is disengagement?
a behavioral change, usually the result of breaking off participation in terrorism
what are the differences between deradicalization and disengagement?
Deradicalisation is the stepping back from opinions, disengagement is the stepping back from activities, as they are mutually exclusive then someone can be a threat even if they are deradicalised
Decision factors present in those who voluntarily give up terrorist activity? X2
Disillusionment
Positive social relationships (ISIS approach to create communities to avoid this?)
