Radio

Question 1

pathology of sickle cell disease

Answer 1

abnormal hemoglobin s

Question 2

kidney uts results for scd

Answer 2

renal pyramids appear bright

Question 3

skeletal findings in scd

Answer 3

expansion of medullary spaces

femoral flattening = avascular necrosis

Question 4

axial ct findings in scd

Answer 4

auto-splenectomy

Question 5

vertebral xray in scd

Answer 5

scalloping or concave deformity of the endplates (can also be seen in ct)

Question 6

vertebral ct in scd

Answer 6

h shaped appearance of vertebra

Question 7

what is sickle cell dactylitis

Answer 7

severe inflammation of finger and toe joints from infarcts of bone marrow and cortical bone

occur in first two years of life, little/no residual damage

Question 8

pathology in thalassemia

Answer 8

reduction in the rate of globin chain synthesis = abnormal hemoglobin molecules

Question 9

skeletal findings in thalassemia

Answer 9

• expansion of medulla
• thinning of cortical bone
• resorption of cancellous bone

skull: hair on end appearance
facial bones: rodent facies
rib within a rib appearance (anteior ribs is larger or more bulbous, posterior is smaller)
extra-medullary hematopoiesis

Question 10

gi findings in thalassemia

Answer 10

cholelithiasis

hemosiderosis

Question 11

coronal ct of knee in thalassemia

Answer 11

marrow changes = area of interspersed hypointense signals

Question 12

hand xray in thalassemia

Answer 12

marrow proliferation = carpals and phalanges appear extended and lucent

scalloping of metacarpals, looking flattened or squared

Question 13

characteristics of fanconi anemia

Answer 13

progressive bone marrow failure
congenital abnormalities
predisposition to malignancies

most common type of inherited marrow failure syndrome

Question 14

radiologic findings in fanconi anemia

Answer 14

horseshoe kidney
radial ray anomalies (no thumb and radius; extra digits)
triphalangeal thumb

Question 15

types of hemophilia

Answer 15

A = FACTOR 8
B = FACTOR 9

Question 16

hallmark of hemophilia

Answer 16

hemorrhage

• hemophilic arthropathy
• hemophilic pseudotumor
• soft tissue hematoma

Question 17

skeletal findings in hemophlia

Answer 17

• enlargement of epiphysis of radial head
• hemarthrosis (fluid collection in joints like elbow or feet)
• intercondylar notch appears widened and enlarged
• sunrise view (knee has wide intercondylar notch and displaced patella)

Question 18

axial ct in hemophilia

Answer 18

kidney can be larger with hemorrhagic collection within (hyperdensity)

Question 19

patho in aplastic anemia

Answer 19

immune mediated reduction in pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells

Question 20

mri findings in aplastic anemia

Answer 20

low signal areas interspersed with high signal areas on spine

Question 21

what does hemochromatosis look like in t1

Answer 21

hypointensity, mostly in liver

Question 22

primary hemochromatosis on ct

Answer 22

calcifications and metal components = dark

spleen = isodense

Question 23

secondary hemochromatosis on ct

Answer 23

liver and spleen are dark

Question 24

skeletal findings in hemochromatosis

Answer 24

• severe joint space narrowing throughout the hand, most marked at metacarpophalangeal joints
• sclerosis of mcp joints + large osteophytes off metacarpal heads = degenerative disease
• chondrocalcinosis
• cppd

Question 25

imaging modality of choice for hemochromatosis

Answer 25

mri

Question 26

what is myelofibrosis

Answer 26

replacement of bone marrow with collagenous ct - extramedullary hematopoiesis - progressive splenomegaly - anemia - variable change in # of granulocytes and platelets

Question 27

radiologic features of myelofibrosis

Answer 27

``` lymphadenopathy osteosclerosis (>50 yo) hepatomegaly splenomegaly portal hypertension ```

Question 28

most common primary mediastinal neoplasm in adults

Answer 28

lymphoma

Question 29

what is lymphoma

Answer 29

mediastinal lymph node enlargement, bilateral and asymmetric hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma*

Question 30

lymphoma type with higher change of thoracic involvement

Answer 30

hodgkin disease

Question 31

more likely lymphoma with intrathoracic involvement + mediastinal enlargement

Answer 31

hodgkin disease

Question 32

% of patients with disease limited to mediastinum

Answer 32

``` hd = 25% nhd = 10% ```

Question 33

nodal groups for each lymphoma type

Answer 33

``` hd = anterior and hilar nhd = middle mediastinal, hilar, juxtaphrenic and posterior ```

Question 34

more unpredictable and widespread lymphoma

Answer 34

nhd = chemotherapy | hd uses radiation therapy

Question 35

most common primary malignant bone neoplasm in adults

Answer 35

multiple myeloma

Question 36

patho in multiple myeloma

Answer 36

monoclonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells (produce igg, infiltrate hematopoietic locations)

Question 37

clinical findings in multiple myeloma

Answer 37

bone pain anemia renal failure/proteinuria

Question 38

how to distinguish bone metastasis from multiple myeloma

Answer 38

bm = affects vertebral pedicles > vertebral bodies, rarely involves mandible and distal axial skeleton

Question 39

patterns of multiple myeloma

Answer 39

1. multiple well-defined "punched-out" lytic lesions affecting axial skeleton 2. diffuse skeletal osteopenia 3. solitary plasmacytoma (vertebral body or pelvis) 4. osteosclerosing myeloma