Radio Navigation Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Wavelength

A

Length of a single wave (cycle)

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2
Q

Frequency

A

Number of cycles expressed in Hertz (Hz)

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3
Q

Amplitude

A

Displacement of wave peaks or troughs from the middle value
Measures the strength of the signal

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4
Q

Modulation

A

Variation to amplitude, frequency or phase using another waveform (speech/music)

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5
Q

Amplitude Modulation (AM)

A

The amplitude of carrier wave is varied with frequency constant
Requires extra power to modulate
Increased modulation depth equals increased signal

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6
Q

Frequency Modulation (FM)

A

Varies frequency of the carrier wave
Requires less power and is static free but receivers are more complex and the bandwidth much higher than AM

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7
Q

Bandwidth

A

Amount of frequency spectrum required to transmit

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8
Q

Side bands

A

Additional frequencies which occur when a carrier wave is modulated by a frequency lower than itself
Carry the intelligence (information)

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9
Q

Transmission Economy

A

Elimination of high energy AM carrier

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10
Q

Ground Wave

A

Part of radio wave that travels parallel to the Earth’s surface

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11
Q

Direct Waves

A

Direct from transmitter to receiver

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12
Q

Surface Waves

A

Follow the contour of the Earth’s surface

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13
Q

Sky Waves

A

Refracted and reflected by the ionosphere

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14
Q

Out of Phase

A

Causes fading and loss of signal due radio waves travelling different paths

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15
Q

Attenuation

A

Range of surface wave
The rate at which the signal is absorbed/weakened by surfaces
Lower frequencies suffer less attenuation than VHF

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16
Q

Line of Sight

A

UHF and VHF use line of sight (direct wave)

17
Q

Max Theoretical Range of VHF

A

Atmospheric retraction slightly increases the range of VHF beyond the line of sight
Theoretical range in nm = √1.5 x receiver alt (ft)
Receiver range + transmitter range

18
Q

VHF Rated Coverage at Night

A

Decreases due to increased sky wave interference with the higher ionosphere
Therefore HF frequencies are higher in the day

19
Q

Skip Distance

A

Distance from transmitter to point where the sky wave returns to Earth