Radioactivity

Question 1

What is background radiation

Answer 1

radiation that is naturally occurring

Question 2

Example of non-ionizing

Answer 2

radio waves, microwaves, radar

Question 2

What are the two categories of radiation

Answer 2

Ionizing and non-ionizing

Question 3

What are alpha particles

Answer 3

are helium nuclei (2 protons and 2 neutrons)

Question 3

Types of ionizing radiation

Answer 3

-Alpha particles
-Beta particles
-Gamma and x-ray
-Neutron particles.

Question 4

What are beta particles

Answer 4

are high speed electrons or positron

Question 5

what are gamma and x-rays

Answer 5

radiation are high energy photons

Question 6

What are neutron particles

Answer 6

they are free neutrons

Question 7

What can alpha not penetrate

Answer 7

Alpha cannot penetrate the dead layer of skin or a piece of paper

Question 8

What is radiation

Answer 8

This is energy that is transported in the form of particles or waves

Question 9

what is radioactive material

Answer 9

this is material that contains atoms that emit radiation spontaneously

Question 10

What makes an atom stable

Answer 10

A stable atom has the same number of protons and the same number of neutrons

Question 11

When an unstable atom is trying to become stable it releases energy what is this energy called

Answer 11

Ionizing radiation

Question 12

What are ions

Answer 12

ions are electrically charged particles which may cause changes in living cells of plants, animals, and people

Question 13

What is bigger alpha or beta particles

Answer 13

alpha particles are bigger

Question 14

Since alpha particles are bigger what does that make them?

Answer 14

Makes them slower and less penetrating

Question 15

What are the two types of x-rays

Answer 15

characteristic x-rays and bremsstrahlung x-ray

Question 15

What ionizing radiation is the most penetrating

Answer 15

Gamma and x-rays

Question 16

What is a characteristic x-ray

Answer 16

When the electron is falling to a lower orbit to allow for stabilization, that falling electron creates a a characteristic x-ray

Question 17

What is a bremsstrahlung x-ray

Answer 17

when an energetic electron loses energy it emits the energy that forms an x-ray photon

Question 18

What do beta particles create in x-rays

Answer 18

they create x-rays that move through heavy metals and excite orbital electrons

Question 19

What is Active radioactive material measured in

Answer 19

Curies

Question 20

What is 1 curie equal to in DPS

Answer 20

3.7X10^10

Question 21

0.001 Ci = ___ mCi= ___uCi

Answer 21

1.0 and 1,000

Question 22

What does disintegration per minute refer to?

Answer 22

To the radiation events given off by a radioactive material

Question 23

What does counts per minute refer to?

Answer 23

It refers to the rate of radiation events registered by the measuring instrument

Question 24

Which is larger Disintegration per minute or counts per minute?

Answer 24

DPM is larger

Question 24

what does T1/2 refer too

Answer 24

The amount of time the substance will remain radioactive

Question 25

What is half-life

Answer 25

The time it takes for half of the original parent isotope to decay into the daughter isotope

Question 26

A radioactive atom will continue to decay to a different kind of atom until when

Answer 26

until it is eventually stable non radioactive isotope

Question 27

What does exposure mean

Answer 27

the amount of ionizing radiation a person is exposed to

Question 28

What does roentgens (R) represent

Answer 28

the metric unit in which the amount of exposure one is exposed too can be measured as R/milli

Question 29

What is primary radiation

Answer 29

the direct beam or source and scatter radiation that occurs when that radiation interacts with any substance such as shielding material

Question 30

What does RAD stand for

Answer 30

radiation absorbed exposer

Question 31

What does REM stand for

Answer 31

roentgen equivalent man, this is the biological does equivalent

Question 32

How do you find REM

Answer 32

RAD X Quality factor or Relative biological effectiveness

Question 33

What is RBE

Answer 33

the factor by which the absorbed dose is to be multiplied to obtain a quantity that expresses on a common scale for all ionizing radiation, the biological damage to expose person

Question 34

What is acute bio-effects

Answer 34

manifests in minutes or days

Question 35

What are latent bio-effects

Answer 35

bio effects that manifests into years

Question 36

What is the annual limit of whole body rem one is allowed to absorb and mrem

Answer 36

5 and 5,000

Question 37

Why do we follow the theme alara

Answer 37

because it is assumed that even the small doses have some change of causing cancer

Question 37

What is alara

Answer 37

as low as reasonably achievable

Question 38

What are some cells that are most sensitive to radiation

Answer 38

-Stem cells -Bone marrow -Hair follicles -Cancer cells -Embryos -Neonates

Question 39

What does the inverse square law state

Answer 39

every time you double your distance you drop your exposer down to 1/4

Question 40

What equals alara

Answer 40

minimizing exposer by combining the use of least time and greatest distance and good shielding

Question 41

What is ALARA philosphy

Answer 41

assumes that radiation exposure of any amount is potential hazard

Question 42

What do you do before doing any type of radiation work?

Answer 42

First check to see if the batteries are good in the survey meters then test the designated check source is a reading appropriately

Question 43

What are contamination surveys always measured in?

Answer 43

Counts per minute and you always start on the smallest scale of X0.1

Question 44

How often do you need to preform a radiation wipe leak test and survey

Answer 44

DAILEY after every use

Question 44

When is a area considered contaminated

Answer 44

when the results are over 200 cpm

Question 45

How often does waste drums need to be survyed

Answer 45

must be surveyed at least weekly