Radioactivity Flashcards
(26 cards)
- emission of particles & energy to become stable
particle - alpha or beta
energy - xray or gamma
Radioactivity
- process from being unstable to stable where emission of particles and energy occurs
Radioactive Decay/ Radioactive Disintegration
+ elements having the same no. of protons
Isotope
+ elements having the same no. of neutron
Isotone
+ elements having the same no. of atomic mass
Isobar
+ element having same no. in npa
Isomere
- 2 primary sources of naturally occuring radioisotopes
Uranium (U-92) - nuclear power
Carbon 14 - history archiology
Types of Ionizing Radiation
Particulate Radiation n Electromagnetic
- finite range in matter (limited)
- ex. alpha n beta
Particulate
- helium nucleus
- +2
- heavier
Alpha Particle
-light particles
-+1,-1
- beta- negatron ; beta+positron / antimatter
Beta Particle
- xrays n gamma rays
- often called photons
- unlimited range in matter
Electromagnetic
- another term for xray and gamma rays
- no mass / no charge
Photons
+ speed of light (c)
3×10⁸ m/s or 1.86×10⁵ mi/s
- origin : electron cloud
Xrays
- origin : nucleus / radioactive nuclei
Gamma Rays
- type of radiation used in utz n mri
- utz - soundwaves ; mri - radiowaves
Non Ionizing Radiation
- number of neutrons exceed number of protons
- n = a-z
- odd z
- no stable nuclides with a=5/8
Stable Nuclides
-“the greater the binding energy per nucleon, the more stable the element / nucleus”
Binding Energy Nucleon
- nucleus is unstable if it is too big
- z=43 technetium z=61 promethium
Nuclear Size
-“as the atomic mass increases the ratio must also increase
Ratio of Neutron to Proton
- 4/2a
- a -4 ; z -2
- too large to be stable
Alpha Decay
- 0/-1B
- a 0 ; z +1
- neutron to proton too large for stability
Beta Minus Decay
- 0/+1B
- a 0 ; z -1
- neutron to proton too small for stability
- emits positron n neutrino
Beta Plus Decay
