Radioactivity

Question 1

why is alpha particle deviated?

Answer 1

due to the repulsive forces between the alpha particle and the positive charge in the atom.

Question 2

most of alpha particles have little or no deviation?

Answer 2

.most of an atom is empty space

Question 3

a few particles are deviated more than 90?

Answer 3

most of the mass of an atom is concentrated in a small space and most of the atom is empty.

Question 4

nuclide?

Answer 4

a specific combination of protons and neutrons in a nucleus.

Question 5

isotope?

Answer 5

same proton no , different neutron n.

Question 6

heavy nuclei have more neutrons than protons?

Answer 6

the more protons there are in a nucleus the greater the electric forces between them.neutrons are needed to keep protons apart. adding more neutrons helps to keep the nucleus stable.

Question 7

strong nuclear force?

Answer 7

attractive force that acts between all protons and neutrons in a nucleus and holds the nucleus together.

Question 8

hadrons?

Answer 8

sub atomic particles affected by strong nuclear force i.e protons and neutrons.

Question 9

leptons?

Answer 9

particles that are un affected by strong nuclear force.

i.e electrons neutrinos

Question 10

quark structure of a proton?

Answer 10

up up down

Question 11

quark structure of a neutron?

Answer 11

up down down.

Question 12

why is gamma radiation released?

Answer 12

to release excess energy from the nuclei.

Question 13

characteristics of alpha particles?

Answer 13

helium atom
particle of matter
\+2e charge
slow speed (10^6m/s)
mass= 4
most ionising power as less mass and speed , more interaction

Question 14

characteristics of beta particle?

Answer 14

particle of matter
-e charge
mass= 1/1840
fast speed (10^8m/s)

Question 15

characteristics of gamma radiation?

Answer 15

photon of electromagnetic radiation
0 charge
0 mass
speed of light
most penetrating

Question 16

beta negative decay?

Answer 16

neutron =proton+ electron+ antineutrino

Question 17

beta plus decay?

Answer 17

proton= neutron+positron+neutrino

Question 18

why is mass not conserves in decay?

Answer 18

mass converts to energy– kinetic energy of particles.

Question 19

what is conserved in decay?

Answer 19

mass–energy
nucleon number (proton and neutron)
charge

Question 20

force responsible for beta decay?

Answer 20

weak nuclear force

Question 21

difference between hadrons and leptons?

Answer 21

hadrons are affected by strong nuclear force

hadrons consist of quarks and anti quarks

Question 22

alpha particle cannot penetrate far?

Answer 22

highly ionising so more collisions, loss of momentum

lose all their kinetic energy quickly

Question 23

one electronvolt?

Answer 23

it is the energy transferred when an electron travels through a potential difference of one volt.