Radioanatomy

Question 1

Ultrasound superficial structures (thyroid

Answer 1

Linear probe

Question 2

Ultrasound abdomen

Answer 2

Convex probe

Question 3

Thyroid gland Well suited to ultrasound study because of its

Answer 3

superficial location, vascularity, size and echogenicity

Question 4

Thyroid appearance i ultra sound

Answer 4

Ground glass

Question 5

Thyroid shape in transverse view

Answer 5

Pear shape

Question 6

Normal thyroid gland is _______________relative to the overlying strap muscles of the neck

Answer 6

Uniformly echogenic

Question 7

To visualize the thyroid gland optimally

Answer 7

Higa

Unan s balikat

Question 8

Due to the extreme reflection from the tissue-air interface of the trachea, no image is seen behind the trachea on an anterior ultrasound

Answer 8

Acoustic shadowing

Question 9

A cystic structure transmits sound with very little attenuation, resulting in a greater intensity of sound waves behind it

Answer 9

Enhancement

Question 10

have been shown to have predictive value for determining the probability of malignancy in thyroid nodule

Answer 10

Color and power doppler

Question 11

Peripheral flow pattern

Answer 11

benign nodules, and malignant nodules

Question 12

A minority of adenomas may be autonomously hyperfunctioning causing

Answer 12

Thyrotoxicosic

Question 13

Low TSH level would be an indication for thyroid

Answer 13

Scintigraphy

Question 14

otherwise not useful in the evaluation of thyroid nodules

Answer 14

Scintigraphy

Question 15

procedure that uses nuclear medicine imaging to evaluate the thyroid functions

Answer 15

Thyroid scan

Question 16

uses small amounts of radioactive material to diagnose disease

Answer 16

Nuclear medicine

Question 17

Three different techniques that use nuclear medicine to evaluate your thyroid’s function and structure

Answer 17

Image of thyroid
Thyroid function without image
evaluate patients with thyroid cancer

Question 18

evaluates the function of the gland. When the thyroid absorbs the radioactive iodine, the gland processes it to make thyroid hormones

Answer 18

Thyroid uptake

Question 19

evaluate the capacity to produce the thyroid hormone

Answer 19

Radioactive iodine

Question 20

Thyroid nodule with a much higher uptake of radioactive iodine than the surrounding parenchyma

Answer 20

Hot nodule

Question 21

are almost always adenomas–half are autonomous which cause the surrounding normal thyroid tissue to become suppressed

Answer 21

Hot nodule

Question 22

Thyroid nodule with a much lower uptake of radioactive iodine than the surrounding parenchyma

Answer 22

Cold nodule

Question 23

20% of cold nodules are

Answer 23

Malignant

Question 24

commonly is a colloid cyst

Answer 24

Cold nodule

Question 25

Supeior pair have more constant location at

Answer 25

Cricoid cartilage

Question 26

Imaging studies of PTG should be performed only after the diagnosis of

Answer 26

HPT

Question 27

become the standard for interrogating the parathyroid glands

Answer 27

12-or 15-MHz transducers

Question 28

Normal-sized parathyroid glands are usually not visualized with

Answer 28

Ultrasound

Question 29

parathyroid adenomas appear as a discrete, oval, anechoic or hypoechoic masses

Answer 29

Gray scaleimage

Question 30

Primary imaging modalities for pancreas

Answer 30

Ultrasound–CT scan with and without contrast

Question 31

enters into major papilla together with the CBD

Answer 31

Ducts of wirsung

Question 32

empties into minor papilla

Answer 32

Ducts of santorini

Question 33

Upper limit size of main duct

Answer 33

3mm young adult | 5mm elderly

Question 34

the primary imaging method for evaluating adrenal disorders

Answer 34

CT

Question 35

To detect small lesions and correct CT attenuation measurement requires

Answer 35

Tin section scanning

Question 36

can be useful when characterizing the enhancement pattern of lesions on portal venous phase images or evaluating washout on delayedenhancement images

Answer 36

IV contrast

Question 37

most useful as an alternative to CT in patients who cannot tolerate intravenous iodinated contrast and/or when confirming a diagnosis of hemorrhage

Answer 37

MRI

Question 38

Pituitary gland | superior border tends to be convex

Answer 38

Female

Question 39

Pituitary gland | superior border is usually concave

Answer 39

Male

Question 40

Most common abnormalities that arise in the pituitary gland are

Answer 40

pituitary adenoma, Rathke's cleft cyst and craniopharyngioma

Question 41

Gold standard in pituitary gland

Answer 41

MRI

Question 42

Pituitary gland | Normal height measurement

Answer 42

3-8 mm in adults–Up to 10 mm during puberty–may be > 10 mm during pregnancy

Question 43

2-5 mm in diameter–Connects to hypothalamus, passes behind optic chiasm

Answer 43

Stalk

Question 44

Strong contrast enhancement of normal gland

Answer 44

No blood brain barrier

Question 45

Vertically oriented structure which connects the pituitary gland to the brain. It is thinner at the bottom and thicker at the top

Answer 45

Pituitary stalk