Radiographic Contrast Media

Question 1

who discovered contrast media on 1896?

Answer 1

Walter Bradford Cannon

Question 2

first reported gastrointestinal contrast study performed using bismuth

Answer 2

1897

Question 3

bismuth, toxic

___ _____, safer

Answer 3

bismuth, toxic

barium sulfate, safer

Question 4

it is the year when sodium iodide used to treat syphilis, iodine was found to be radio opaque to xrays and basis of all modern contrast media

Answer 4

1920s

Question 5

barium sulfate - oral
_____ based - intravenous
________ - for MRI

Answer 5

barium sulfate - oral
iodine based - intravenous
gadolinium - for MRI

Question 6

it is the different in optical density between different parts of image on radiograph

Answer 6

contrast

Question 7

this depends on absorption coefficients of different tissues on radiograph

Answer 7

contrast

Question 8

contrast

high contrast - ____________
low contrast - _____________

Answer 8

contrast

high contrast - too black
low contrast - too white

Question 9

also called contrast agents or contrast media

Answer 9

contrast materials

Question 10

are used to improve pictures of the inside of the body produced by xrays, ct and mri

Answer 10

contrast materials

Question 11

allows the radiologist to distinguish normal from abnormal conditions

Answer 11

contrast materials

Question 12

barium swallow/oral is used for

Answer 12

upper gastrointestinal tract

Question 13

barium enema/rectal is used for

Answer 13

lower gastrointestinal tract

Question 14

intravenous is used for

Answer 14

veins, arteries, arterioles, bronchioles

Question 15

is triple contrast allowed in one patient?

Answer 15

yes, as long as there are intervals and dosage

Question 16

they are not dyes that permanently discolor internal organs, they are substances that temporarily change the way xrays or other imaging tools interact with the body

Answer 16

contrast materials

Question 17

xray of the blood vessels

Answer 17

arteriography

Question 18

angiography

Answer 18

cardiology

Question 19

contrast media can enter the body in 4 ways:

Answer 19

swallowed/orally

administered by enema/given rectally

injected into a blood vessel/intravenously

intraarticular or inhaled

Question 20

it refers to structure that are dense and resist the passage of xrays that appears white/light in a radiographic image such as bones

Answer 20

radiopaque

Question 21

it refers to structure that are less dense and permits the xray beam to pass through them that appears black/dark such as muscle and intestines

Answer 21

radiolucent

Question 22

2 types of contrast media

Answer 22

positive contrast
negative contrast

Question 23

it is a substance having a higher atomic number than the surrounding tissues and they usually appear white on the radiograph

Answer 23

positive contrast

Question 24

it is a type of contrast that has high absorption rate

Answer 24

positive contrast

Question 25

2 examples of positive contrast:

Answer 25

barium sulfate iodine based

Question 26

it is the most contrast material taken by mouth and can also be used rectally

Answer 26

barium sulfate

Question 27

it is a metallic compound that shows up on xray to help see abnormalities in esophagus and stomach

Answer 27

barium sulfate

Question 28

2 types of barium sulfate:

Answer 28

barium enema barium swallow

Question 29

in barium sulfate, it is an xray exam that can detect changes or abnormalities in the large intestine (colon)

Answer 29

barium enema

Question 30

in barium sulfate, it is a test that may be used to determine the cause of painful swallowing, difficulty with swallowing, abdominal pain, bloodstained vomit or unexplained weight loss

Answer 30

barium swallow

Question 31

it is a colorless liquid which includes iodine

Answer 31

iodine based

Question 32

it is injected into your blood stream to allow your organs to be seen more clealy on xrays

Answer 32

iodine based

Question 33

2 types of iodine based:

Answer 33

ionin non ionic

Question 34

in iodine based, it is less expensive with 14% of patient have high adverse reaction within 5 to 10 minutes

Answer 34

ionic

Question 35

in iodine based, it is expensive that has lower change of adverse reaction

Answer 35

non ionic

Question 36

urovison hypaque uromiro pantopaque diotrat hytrast conray telebrix angiografin

Answer 36

ionic iodine based

Question 37

ultravist magnevist xenetics omnipaque optiray

Answer 37

non ionic iodine based

Question 38

it is a substance having a lower atomic number than the surrounding tissues and it appears black on the radiograph

Answer 38

negative contrast

Question 39

it is the key component of the contrast material most often used in mri exams

Answer 39

gadolinium

Question 40

when this substance is present in the body, it alters the magnetic properties of nearby water molecules which enhances the quality of the images

Answer 40

gadolinium

Question 41

factors in selecting contrast media: it must be ___ _____ it must have _______ contrast it must have ______ it must have suitable _____ it must have _______

Answer 41

factors in selecting contrast media: it must be non toxic it must have adequate contrast it must have viscosity it must have suitable persistence it must have miscibility

Question 42

4 physical state of contrast:

Answer 42

liquid tablet powder oil

Question 43

4 methods of introducing sensitivity test

Answer 43

scleral sublingual intradermal intravenous

Question 44

sensitivity test a drop of contrast is introduced into the eyeball

Answer 44

scleral

Question 45

sensitivity test a drop of contrast is deposited into the base of the tongue

Answer 45

sublingual

Question 46

sensitivity test 1 to 2 cc of contrast is injected just beneath the skin

Answer 46

intradermal

Question 47

sensitivity test 3 to 5 ml of contrast is injected to the vein

Answer 47

intravenous

Question 48

sneezing, coughing, yawning, nausea, reddening of the skin, nausea, vomiting, slight fever, chills, itching, urticaria, flushing of the face

Answer 48

1st degree

Question 49

drop in BP, bradycardia, dyspnea, spastic cough

Answer 49

2nd degree

Question 50

shock, tachycardia, massive drop in BP, bronchospasm, wheezing, asthma attack, stridor abnormal breathing occurring when the larynx and trachea are obstructed, choking, convulsion, glottis edema, lung edema

Answer 50

3rd degree

Question 51

circulatory and respiratory arrest

Answer 51

4th degree