Radiographic Equipment

Question 1

The x-ray machine is installed fixedly in the exposure area

Answer 1

Permanent Installation

Question 2

Permanent Installation

A vacuum glass composed of anode and cathode for x-ray production.

Answer 2

X-ray Tubes

Question 3

Permanent Installation

is a device which narrows a beam of particles or waves.

Answer 3

Collimators

Question 4

Permanent Installation

Usually used when the radiographic procedure requires the patient to lie down.

Answer 4

Radiographic Tables

Question 5

Permanent Installation

Where the radiologic technologist adjusts the exposure factors for x-ray production

Answer 5

Control panels

Question 6

Permanent Installation

Holds the x-ray tube in place

Answer 6

Tube stands

Question 7

Permanent Installation

3 types of Tube stands

Answer 7

Floor to ceiling support system
Ceiling support system
C-arm support system

Question 8

Permanent Installation

Usually used when the radiographic procedure requires the patient to stand upright.

Answer 8

Wall units

Question 9

Used to perform radiographic examinations for patients who cannot be transported into the radiology department

Answer 9

Mobile Units

Question 10

Parts of Mobile Units
(O, C, X)

Answer 10

• Operating Console
• Capacitor-Discharge Generator
• X-ray Tube

Question 11

A device that measures the quantity of radiation reaches the image receptor.

Answer 11

Automatic Exposure Control

Question 12

It automatically terminates exposure when IR has received the required radiation intensity

Answer 12

Automatic Exposure Control

Question 13

AEC systems are also called

Answer 13

Automatic Exposure Devices

Question 14

2 Types of AEC System

Answer 14

• Phototimers
• Ionization Chamber

Question 15

Specifically refers to the use of an AEC device that uses photomultiplier tubes or photodiodes.

Answer 15

Phototiming

Question 16

Are the AEC devices that measure the amount of radiation transmitted.

Answer 16

Dectectors

Question 17

Used for exposure timer checks. Operate with a very accurate internal clock based on a quartz-crystal oscillator.

Answer 17

Solid-state Radiation Detectors

Question 18

Fluorescent (light-producing) screen and a device that converts the light to electricity.

Answer 18

Phototimers

Question 19

is a solid-state device that performs the same function as a PMT

Answer 19

Photodiode

Question 20

Are also called exit-type devices

Answer 20

Photomultiplier Tube (PMT)

Question 21

Flat, parallel plate ———- positioned between the patient and the image receptor.

Answer 21

Ionization Chamber

Question 22

A hollow cell that contains air and is connected to the timer circuit via an electrical wire.

Answer 22

Ionization Chamber

Question 23

Considered as entrance-type devices

Answer 23

Ionization Chamber

Question 24

interacts with exit radiation before it reaches the image receptor. Air in the chamber is ionized and electric charge that is proportional to the amount of radiation is created.

Less sophisticated, less accurate, less prone to failure

Answer 24

Ionization Chamber

Question 25

If the radiographic unit has a mAs readout display, the radiographer should observe the reading after the exposure is made.

Answer 25

Automatic Exposure Control and Milliamperage/Second Readout

Question 26

The radiographer must be sure to set the kVp value as needed to ensure adequate penetration and to produce the appropriate scale of contrast.

Answer 26

Kilovoltage Peak and Automatic Exposure Control Response

Question 27

# Kilovoltage Peak and Automatic Exposure Control Response The kVp selected determines the length of ----- when using AEC. A low kVp requires more exposure time when using AEC.

Answer 27

exposure time

Question 28

# Kilovoltage Peak and Automatic Exposure Control Response A ------- requires more exposure time to reach the predetermined amount of exposure.

Answer 28

Low kVp

Question 29

# Kilovoltage Peak and Automatic Exposure Control Response A ------ decreases the exposure time to reach the predetermined amount of exposure and reduces the overall radiation exposure to the patient

Answer 29

high kVp

Question 30

If the radiographer can set the mA when using AEC, it affects the time of exposure for a given procedure.

Answer 30

mA and AEC Response

Question 31

# mA and AEC Response --------- decreases the exposure time to reach the predetermined amount of exposure.

Answer 31

Increasing the mA

Question 32

# mA and AEC Response __________ increases exposure time to reach the predetermined amount of exposure.

Answer 32

Decreasing the mA

Question 33

Refers to the shortest exposure time that the system can produce.

Answer 33

Minimum Response Time

Question 34

Minimum response time usually is longer with --------- than with other types of radiographic timers.

Answer 34

AEC systems

Question 35

If the minimum response time is longer than the amount of time needed to ----------, an increased amount of radiation reaches the image receptor.

Answer 35

to terminate the exposure

Question 36

Refers to the maximum length of the time the x-ray exposure continues when using an AEC system.

Answer 36

Backup Time

Question 37

Acts as safety mechanism when AEC System fails or equipment is not used properly.

Answer 37

Backup Time

Question 38

Protects the patient from unnecessary exposure and protects the x-ray tube from reaching or exceeding its heat-loading capacity.

Answer 38

Backup Time

Question 38

Protects the patient from unnecessary exposure and protects the x-ray tube from reaching or exceeding its heat-loading capacity.

Answer 38

Backup Time

Question 39

# Backup Time If the back-up time is controlled automatically, it should terminate at a maximum of

Answer 39

600 mAs

Question 40

# Backup Time If the back-up time is controlled automatically, it should terminate at a maximum of

Answer 40

600 mAs

Question 41

# Setting Backup Time Backup time should be at -------- of the expected exposure time. This allows the properly used AEC system to appropriately terminate the exposure, but protects the patient and tube from excessive exposure if a problem occurs.

Answer 41

150% to 200%

Question 42

To minimize patient exposure, the backup time should be --------

Answer 42

neither too long nor too short.

Question 43

# Detector Selection The ------------- affects the amount of exposure reaching the image receptor.

Answer 43

combination of detectors

Question 44

# Detector Selection If the area of radiographic interest is not directly over the selected detectors, that area probably will be -------------

Answer 44

over-or underexposed.

Question 45

When performing any radiographic study in which the image receptor is located outside of the Bucky, the AEC system should be ---------and a manual technique used.

Answer 45

deactivated

Question 46

Accurate centering of the area of interest over the detectors is critical to ensure proper exposure to the image receptor. If the area of interest is not properly centered to the image receptor, over- or underexposure may occur.

Answer 46

Patient Centering

Question 47

# Detector Size The size of the detectors used within an AEC system is ---------.

Answer 47

is fixed and cannot be adjusted.

Question 48

# Detector SIze If the detector combination is larger than _____ , a manual exposure technique should be used.

Answer 48

the area of interest

Question 49

Patient factors affect the time the exposure takes to reach the image receptor and ultimately affect image quality.

Answer 49

Patient Consideration

Question 50

# Patient Consideration --------------- result in changes in the time of exposure accordingly if AEC system is functioning properly.

Answer 50

Variations in patient thickness

Question 51

# Patient Consideration ------------------ are patient variations that may affect the proper exposure to the IR and ultimately image quality.

Answer 51

Pathologic conditions, contrast media, foreign objects, or pockets of gas

Question 52

Excessive or insufficient collimation may affect the amount of exposure reaching the image receptor.

Answer 52

Collimation and AEC Response

Question 53

# Collimation and AEC Response ------------ may result in excessive scatter reaching the detectors, resulting in the exposure time terminating too quickly

Answer 53

Insufficient collimation

Question 54

# Collimation and AEC Response ----------- may result in an exposure time that is too long.

Answer 54

Excessive collimation

Question 55

# Types of IR and AEC Response The AEC System is calibrated to the -------------.

Answer 55

type and speed of the IR used

Question 56

# Types of IR and AEC Response If an image receptor of a different type or speed is used, the detectors will -----------

Answer 56

not sense the difference

Question 57

What does APR mean

Answer 57

Anatomically Programmed Radiography

Question 58

Refers to a radiographic system that allows the radiographer to select a particular button on the control panel that represents an anatomic area. a preprogrammed set of exposure factors can be selected.

Answer 58

Anatomically Programmed Radiography

Question 58

to ensure that consistent and appropriate exposures to the image receptor are produced.

Answer 58

Purpose of Calibration

Question 59

# Calibration Failure to ---------------- results in the lack of consistent and reproducible exposures to the detectors and could affect image quality.

Answer 59

maintain regular calibration of the unit

Question 60

is important in monitoring the performance of the AEC system.

Answer 60

Quality Control