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MODULE 2: CLINICAL SCIENCES “A” 54Q > Radiography/Photography - 13% 7Q > Flashcards

Radiography/Photography - 13% 7Q Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

what is the peak potential applied to the x-ray tube, which accelerates electrons from the cathode to the anode in radiography or computed tomography

A

kVp

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2
Q

What value represents the number of the electrons multiplied by the time (sec) during which x-rays are shot, which determines the density (or darkness) of a radiograph

A

mAs

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3
Q

Increasing kVp will:

( increase / decrease) penetration and

( increase / decrease) contrast

A

increase

decrease

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4
Q

increasing kVp is goof for body regions with :

A

many different tissue densities

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5
Q

if you suspect root fracture and wish to see it on a radiograph, you should ( increase / decrease ) kVp?

A

decrease

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6
Q

Increasing mA will:

( increase / decrease) number of rays produced and

( increase / decrease) contrast

A

increase

increase

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7
Q

The distance from the x-ray source to the midsaggital plane should be ___in for cephalometric images

A

60 in

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8
Q

The distance from the film to the midsaggital plane should be ___cm for cephalometric images

A

15cm

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9
Q

T/F: Time affects the penetrating power of x-rays

A

False

it only increases the number of photons

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10
Q

kVp x mA x sec/L is the equation for:

A

density

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11
Q

time and mA effect density, but not _________

A

contrast

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12
Q

changes in kVp has an effect on both _________ & ________

A

density and contrast

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13
Q

increasing kVp, mA, or time will ____________ density

A

increase

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14
Q

one way to decrease density is to ( increase / decrease)tube-to-patient distance

A

increase

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15
Q

what type of X-ray is the least reliable for evaluating condylar shape?

A

transcranial x-ray

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16
Q

what part of the TMJ is a transcranial x-ray used to visualize?

A

the lateral pole of the condyle

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17
Q

what imaging is used for diagnosis of internal derangements and anterior disc displacement?

A

arthogram

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18
Q

what diagnostic imaging is used to determine osseous components of TMJ?

A

tomogram

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19
Q

what diagnostic imaging is best for visualizing TMJ soft tissues

A

MRI

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20
Q

when taking a panorex, the patient’s Frankfort horizontal should me positioned:

A

parallel to the floor

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21
Q

During the manual cephalometric processing, development takes ___ minutes and fixation takes ___ min

A

5min

10min

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22
Q

Errors that could lead to light radiographs include:

_________-developed, __________ fixation, ________-exposure

A

underdeveloped

excessive fixation

underexposure

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23
Q

Errors that could lead to light radiographs include:

F-S distance too ______, Film packet __________

A

big

reversed

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24
Q

Errors that could lead to dark radiographs include:

Light _________, ________-developed, _________-exposed

A

light leakage

overdeveloped

overexposed

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25
Errors that could lead to dark radiographs include: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ fixation, F-S distance too \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
inadequate fixation distance too short
26
what type of image is created produced after exposure but before development
latent image
27
Filtration of x-ray beam with ______________ achieves preferential removal of **low** energy photons
aluminum
28
filtration of x-ray beams with with 2.5mm aluminum ____________ intensity and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ mean energy
decreases increases
29
The purpose of using an intensifying screen made of thinner phosphor layer is that it results in increased \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
sharpness
30
*Case: when taking lateral cephalograms, double intensifying screens and screen films are used to reduce:*
***exposure time***
31
which extra oral radiograph is specially taken to view the maxillary sinuses?
Water's view
32
a submental vertex radiograph is taken
below the chin pointing straight up
33
a Towne's radiograph is chosen to visualize:
occipital bone, petrous processes, condyles
34
A Cauldwell radiograph is chosen to visualize
frontal and ethmoid sinuses, margins of the orbit
35
doubling the film has what effect on the image
none
36
T/F: for a fat individual changing the exposure time in done to ensure that equal penetration is given
True
37
If we increase the film-to-patient distance by 5cm, the image:
will be slightly enlarged
38
What happened if post-ortho ceph shows smaller Mn?
object to film distance was changed
39
is a panorex useful in determining arch perimeter deficiencies or cavities?
No
40
the focal trough in a panorex is the :
area of dental anatomy reproduced clearly
41
Maximal permissible dose of radiation per week
**0.01 rem/wk** **= 100 milliroentgens/wk** **= 0.5/50 weeks**
42
earliest sign of excessive radiation
Erythema
43
Minimum total filtration required:
equivalent of 2.5mm Aluminum
44
Name the oral tissues most sensitive to radiation (2)
Developing tooth buds Salivary glands
45
what part of the x-ray machine narrows field of exposure? It mandatory for patient protection.
Collimator
46
Film emulsion is done with these 2 materials:
gelatin and silver bromide
47
the tube target in an x-ray machine is made of:
Tungsten
48
to obtain optimal detail sharpness, there should be ______ focal spot area, ___________ kVp, ________ object-film distance
small increased short
49
for clinical photography, the most important aspect during selection of digital camera is
resolution
50
best camera for clinical photography has \_\_\_mm SLR with a fixed focal length _______ lens
35mm macro lens
51
which file format of photos does not lose quality?
TIFF
52
which file format of photos loses the most quality?
jpeg
53
CBCT \>/\< CT : Radiation amount: CBCT ___ CT Faster: CBCT ___ CT Better resolution: CBCT ___ CT
\< CT CBCT \> \< CT
54
Digital Radiograph produces _____ shades of grey **(8 bits)**
256
55
which radiography has better resolution: traditional or digital?
Traditional
56
the human eye can see ___ shades of grey
16
57
the greatest source of error in cephalometric is:
identification of landmarks
58
increasing the tube distance to the patient will do what to density?
decrease it
59
voxel size has an effect on (2)
resolution accuracy
60
T/F: voxel size has an effect on magnification
false
61
ABO requires that photos are ___ size, ___ bit color depth, and \_\_\_dpi jpeg with medium compression
¼ 24 300
62
ABO requires that radiographs be ___ bit grayscale and \_\_\_dpi JPEG with medium compression
8 200

MODULE 2: CLINICAL SCIENCES “A” 54Q (6 decks)

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