Radiology Flashcards
(28 cards)
Xrays discovered by ____ in ____
Roentgen, 1895
Xray principles fixed or moving source? curved or straight beam? moving or fixed receptor? length of exposure? how the image is created
- fixed source
- straight “xray beam”
- fixed receptor
- momentary exposure
- image = blocked xrays
Interactions of xray waves
- reflection
- refraction
- absorption
- scatter
blocked xrays = ____
brighter image = RADIOPAQUE
fewer xrays blocked =
RADIOLUCENT
systemic approach to reading scans
- identify right patient, image, quality of image
- describe what you see
- understand what causes it to look the way it does
- THEN consider what the cause may be
- use all clinical information available to make diagnosis
assess adequacy
- rotation @ clavicles
- inspiration = 9-10 posterior ribs
- exposure [interspaces & vertebral bodies]
Rotation to left
MORE space @ left clavicle
Mediastinum xray assessment structures (8)
not CV
- trachea
- carina
- L mainstem bronchus
- R mainstem bronchus
- Spinous process
- Head of clavicle
- Intervertebral space
- Cardiophrenic angle
Mediastinum xray assessment structures
CV/vasculature (9)
a. R brachiocephalic v
b. ascending aorta / svc
c. R atrium
d. IVC
e. L brachiocephalic v / L subclavian a
f. aortic arch
g. main pulmonary a
h. L atrial apendage
i. L ventricle
Pros of xray (5)
fast abundant portable cheap lowest radiation
cons of xray (3)
- interpreting shadows
- signs not facts
- still some radiation
fluoroscopy = ______
continuous xrays
fluoroscopy pros
- real time imaging
- can evaluate flow/function
- can guide procedures
fluoroscopy cons
- more expensive
- non-mobile equipment
- very high radiation
enteric contrast indications
- post-op evaluation
- stricture
- reflux
- colon cancer
- crohns
enteric contrast concerns
allergies
renal (no interaction)
post op leak > can cause peritonitis (barium)
CT
xray tube spins around patient
low attenuation
black (lungs)
high attenuation
white (bones)
xray absolute contraindications
none!
CT absolute contraindications
none!
CT pros
- fast
- best anatomic resolution
- “truth machine”
- definitive diagnosis
- can guide procedures
CT cons
- medium expensive
- non-mobile equipment
- high radiation
