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Ortho Exam 1 > Radiology > Flashcards

Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the selection criteria for Cephalometric Radiographs

A
  • Evaluate growth and development of the cranium and face
  • Evaluate the relationship betweeen orofacial and dental structures
  • Monitor orthodontic/orthognathic treatment progression
  • Evaluate other craniofacial abnormalities and trauma
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2
Q

Imaging Technique

A
  • Cephalostat: ear rods & nasion indicator help stabilize the patient
  • Distances are maintained constant for comparison of sequential radiographs
  • Structures furtheresst from receptor=most magnification
  • Structures closest to receptor=least magnification
  • Less discrepancy of (bilateral) midline structures (5-6% magnification)
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3
Q

Source to object distance

A

5 Ft
* Minimizes image magnification

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4
Q

Image Receptor Dimensions

A

20x25 cm (8x10 inch)

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5
Q

Object to receptor distance

A

10-15 cm

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6
Q

Lateral vs PA Cephalometric image:
1. Head Placement
2. Receptor Placement
3. Beam Direction
4. Beam centers at

A

Lateral:
* Beam: also directed perpendicular to midsagittal plane

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7
Q

Patient Positioning for Cephalometric imaging

A
  • Remove Jewelry and oral appliances
  • Shielding (lead apron) and barriers
  • Ear rods inside ear canals
  • Ruler on Nasion
  • NHP-look straight ahead into mirror, focus on eyes facilitates NHP
  • Frankfort plane parallel to the floor
  • Lips relaxed (no smile or grimace)
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8
Q

Lateral Cephalometric: Indications

A

Most common
* Evaluate the AP relationships b/w maxilla, mandible, and cranial base
* Assess skeletal and soft tissue relationships
* Proceed with orthognathic sx tx planning
* Monitor progress of tx and tx outcomes

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9
Q

Point A

A
  • Deepest anterior concavity on the maxillary alveolus
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10
Q

Point B

A
  • Deepest anterior concavity on mandibular symphysis
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11
Q

Sella (S)

A
  • Midpoint of the sell turcica
  • Pituitary Fossa
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12
Q

Nasion(N)

A
  • The most anterior point on the fronto-nasal suture
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13
Q

Orbitale (Or)

A
  • The most anterior, inferior point on the infraorbital rim
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14
Q

Anterior Nasal Spine (ANS)

A
  • Tip of the anterior nasal spine
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15
Q

Posterior Nasal Spine (PNS)

A
  • Tip of the posterior nasal spine
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16
Q

Gonion (Go)

A
  • Most posterior, inferior point on the mandibular angle
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17
Q

Gnathion (Gn)

A
  • Most anterior, inferior point on the mandibular symphysis
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18
Q

Menton (Me)

A
  • Most inferior point on the mandibular symphysis
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19
Q

Pogonion (Pog)

A
  • most anterior point on the mandibular symphysis
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20
Q

Sn Line

A

Nasion to sella

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21
Q

Frankfort Plane

A

orbitale and porion

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22
Q

Mandibular Plane (MnPl)

A
  • Gonion to Menton
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23
Q

Maxillary Plane (MxPl)

A
  • Anterior nasal spine to Posterior Nasal Spine
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24
Q

SNA

A

AP Position of the maxilla to the cranial base

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25
Q

SNB

A

AP Position of the mandible to the cranial base

26
Q

ANB

A
  • AP postion of the Maxilla to the Mandible
  • Skeletal Class
27
Q

Maxillary-mandibular plane angle (MMPA)

A

Angle formed b/w the Maxillary plane and mandibular plane

28
Q

Maxillary Incisal Inclination

A

Angle b/w the maxillary plane (MxPl) and maxillary incisors axis (UInc)

29
Q

Mandibular Incisal Inclination

A
  • Angle b/w the mandibular plane and mandibular incisors axis (LInc)
30
Q

Posteroanterior Cephalometric: Indications

A
  • Evaluate craniofacial asymmetry
  • Assess Jawl Skeletal Relationships
  • Proceed with orthognathic sx tx planning
  • Monitor Progress of tx and tx outcomes

SAME AS Lateral

31
Q

What is circled in purple?

A

Ethmoid air cells

32
Q

What is circled in green?

A

Frontal Sinus

33
Q

What is circled in red?

A

Maxillary Antrum

34
Q

Indicationos for CBCT in ortho

A
  • Assess skeletal and dentofacial structures
  • 3D Localization of impacted teeth
  • Growth Assessment
  • Pharyngeal airway analysis
  • Cleft palate assessment
  • Orthognathic sx planning
  • Planning the placment of temporary anchorage devices
  • custom ortho appliance fabrication
35
Q

What is required to spatially localize pathology?

A
  • Take at least 2 radiographs that are right angles to each other
36
Q

What is the main anatomical landmark used in patient positioning during extraoral radiography?

A

Canthomeatal Line

37
Q

Canthomeatal Line

A
  • External auditory canal center to outer canthus of the eye
  • 10 degrees from FP
38
Q

What is the sequence for interpretation of Lateral Cephalometric projections?

A
  1. Skull & Calvaria
  2. Upper & Middle Face
  3. Mandible
  4. Cervical Spinne/airway/neck
  5. ALveolar Bone/Teeth
39
Q

What is the sequence for interpretation of Anteroposterior Cephalometric projections?

A
  1. Calvaria & Sutures
  2. Upper & Middle Face
  3. Lower Face
  4. Cervical Spine
  5. Alveolar Bone & Teeth
40
Q

Cephalometric Projections

A

Allow for reproducible imaging of the craninofacial region

Made w/a cephalostat
* maintains a constant relationship b/w skull, receptor, & x-ray beam

film or digital receptors

41
Q

Lateral Cephalometric projections: Structures close to midsagittal plane

A

Structures close to midsagittal plane: Nearly Superimposed
* clinoid process
* inferior turbinates

42
Q

Identify 1

A

Sella Turcica

43
Q

Identify 2

A

Nasion (N)

44
Q

Identify 3

A

Orbitale (Or)

45
Q

Identify 4

A

Porion (Po)

46
Q

Identify 5

A

Point A

47
Q

Identify 6

A

Point B

48
Q

Identify 7

A

Pogonion (Pog)

49
Q

Identify 8

A

Menton (Me)

50
Q

Identify 9

A

Gnathion (Gn)

51
Q

Identify 10

A

Gonion (Go)

52
Q

Identify 11

A

Mandibular Incisal Edge

53
Q

Identify 12

A

Maxillary Incisal Edge

54
Q

Identify 13

A

Upper Lip

55
Q

Identify 14

A

Lower Lip

56
Q

Identify 15

A

Subnasale

57
Q

Identify 16

A

Soft Tissue Pogonion

58
Q

Identify 17

A

Posterior Nasal Spine (PNS)

59
Q

Identify 18

A

Anterior Nasal Spine (ANS)

60
Q

Identify 19

A

Articulare

Ortho Exam 1 (10 decks)

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