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Radiology > Radiology 16 - DPT Anatomy and Selection Criteria > Flashcards

Radiology 16 - DPT Anatomy and Selection Criteria Flashcards

1
Q

What is between the condyle and the coronoid process?

A

The sigmoid notch.

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2
Q

What is the canal found in the mandible called?

A

Inferior alveolar canal.

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3
Q

What is the submandibular fossa? What causes it? What can make it seem emphasized in DPT?

A

A concavity on the lingual side of the body of the mandible.

Caused by the submandibular gland sitting in that area.

Ghost images of spine and contralateral angle of mandible and hyoid bone can emphasise it.

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4
Q

What is anterior nasal spine?

A

Pointed bony structure continuous with the hard palate.

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5
Q

What are maxillary sinuses?

A

Pair of paranasal sinuses, air cavities within the head.

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6
Q

What shape is the zygomatic buttress usually and where is it found?

A

Usually on top of maxillary sinus in radiograph, in front of the zygoma. usually J SHAPED (or backwards J shaped depending on how you look at it).

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7
Q

Where is the pterygomaxillary fissure found and why is it important?

A

Found between the pterygoid plate and other bones (around the area of the zygoma). Usually upside down triangle/ V SHAPED.

Important as it contains important vessels etc, DPT can suggest issue in this as its SHAPE WILL BE DISTORTED.

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8
Q

Why is knowing to interpret DPTs (especially maxillary sinus region) important?

A

Pathologies can present in sinus (ex. cancer), an early sign is that you lose the maxillary sinus boundaries in the affected area.

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9
Q

What is the glenoid/mandibular fossa?

A

A cup of bone that the mandibular condylar head will go into.

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10
Q

What is the articular eminence/ what does it do?

A

A bony “knub” anterior to the condyle/ glenoid fossa, prevents the condyle from coming out of the fossa.

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11
Q

What is the spine of the sphenoid?

A

Sharp pointy structure on the inner side of the glenoid fossa.

is SUPERIMPOSED by the condylar head and can sometimes make it look like there is something wrong with the condylar head. MAY NOT SEE IT OFTENTIMES.

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12
Q

What is the mental fossa and why is it important?

A

It is an indentation in the mandible anteriorly (around the incisors), important as can sometimes look like pathology/ radiolucency on DPT.

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13
Q

What is another name for pituitary fossa?

A

Sella turcica.

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14
Q

Where is the tongue most visible on DPT? How can it be mistaken for Pathology?

A

Most visible is its dorsal/ top side and seen on the lateral aspect of the DPT/ near the soft palate.

As everything below its dorsal margin appears more radiopaque (as the tongue is there), everything above it appears more radiolucent (as it is air), which can be mistaken as fracture of ramus or radiolucency around the apexes of the teeth.

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15
Q

What is the external auditory meatus? Where is it found?

A

It is the external “ear hole” found very laterally on the radiograph and will be seen as a clear radiolucency.

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16
Q

What is the epiglottis? Where is it found? What can it be mistaken for?

A

Flap of cartilage at the base of the tongue that helps to close the airway.

Appears as a CURVED, RADIOPAQUE STRUCTURE. Found at the BASE of the tongue, near the hyoid bone.

Can be mistaken for stones in the salivary glands/ can look like its a curved extension of the hyoid bone.

17
Q

Where is the lip-space found? Why can it be mistaken for pathology on DPT?

A

Found in the midline, oval in shape.

Radiolucent so if superimposed with crowns of teeth can be mistaken for pathology.

18
Q

What are the boundaries of the oral cavity on DPT?

A

Between the hard and soft palate (UPPER BOUNDARY) AND the dorsal side of the tongue (LOWER BOUNDARY). ENDS when we get to the edge of the soft palate.

19
Q

What are the boundaries of the nasal cavity on DPT?

A

BOTTOM BOUNDARY: hard palate
END BOUNDARY: when we reach the end of the hard palate.

20
Q

Where are the nasopharynx and oropharynx?

A

Nasopharynx is starts right at the end boundary of the nasal cavity until the BASE of the SOFT PALATE/ when the ORAL CAVITY STARTS. Nasopharynx CONTINUOUS with OROPHARYNX.

21
Q

What causes misleading shadows in DPT and what are the two types.

A

Shadows caused by the rotational technique of DPTs

Two types; double shadows and ghost shadows.

22
Q

How are double shadows created and what are the 3 main examples?

A

Created by structures located near the centre of rotation which due to their central position are captured twice.

ex. soft palate, cervical spine (on sides), hyoid bone

23
Q

How are ghost shadows created? What is their appearance?

A

Created by structures between the x-ray source and the center of rotation.

Appear magnified, blurry, higher (due to beam inclination) and TRANSPOSED on the opposite side of their anatomical position, JUST MOVED< NOT FLIPPED.

24
Q

Which structures commonly have ghost shadows?

A
  • angle of mandible
  • hard palate
  • cervical spine (in middle)
  • piercings etc.
25
Q

What guidance do you consult to know when prescribing a DPT is appropriate?

A

“Selection criteria for dental radiography” by the faculty of general dental practice FGDP.

26
Q

what should you NEVER use DPTs for?

A

NOT USED FOR ROUTINE SCREENING - only used in the presence of specific clinical signs and symptoms.

27
Q

Selection criteria - when CAN YOU take DPTs in GENERAL DENTAL PRACTICE?

A
  • When there is a grossly neglected dentition (aka generalized caries that would require many periapicals)
  • part of periodontal bone assessment (may have to supplement with periapicals for incisors)
  • bony lesions or unerupted teeth that cannot be fully seen in intra-oral radiographs
  • assessment of third molars if planning surgical intervention (to tell shape of roots and proximity to ID canal aka risk of nerve damage)
  • part of orthodontic assessment (state of dentition and absence/ presence of teeth).
28
Q

Selection criteria - when CAN YOU take DPTs in DENTAL HOSPITAL?

A
  • assess for fractures of mandible (except anteriorly due to superimposition of cervical spine ghost shadow)
  • assessment of maxillary sinus pathology
  • assessment of destructive disease of the TMJ articular surfaces.
  • Pre-implant planning (alveolar bon height and position of anatomical structures like ID canal).
29
Q

Where should you look for the zygoma?

A

Will be near/ on top of the maxillary sinus!

30
Q

Which walls of the maxillary sinus are visualized on DPT?

A

Medial, inferior, posterior and roof.

do NOT see ANTERIOR AND LATERAL.

31
Q

Which concha is seen within the maxillary sinus?

A

inferior nasal concha

32
Q

How many x-ray examinations occur in UK per year? How many (number and percent) are dental?

A

40 million x-ray examinations per year in UK
- 10 million intra-oral
- 3 million panoramic

DENTAL RADIOGRAPHS ACCOUNT FOR 30% OF ALL EXAMINATIONS BUT LESS THAN 1% OF POPULATION DOSE.

Radiology (8 decks)

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