Radiology Flashcards
(19 cards)
When are plain radiographs used in ENT?
Cases of suspected inhaled/ingested radio-opaque foreign bodies:
- Fishbones - Coins
What is the initial investigation into dysphagia?
Endoscopy
What is the second line investigation into dysphagia if the first uncovers no abnormalities?
Barium swallow
What can the second line investigation into dysphagia show?
Strictures distal to cricopharyngeus
Pharyngeal pouches
Oesophageal dysmotility
What are the follow up investigations if a malignancy is the cause of dysphagia?
CT
MRI
When is ultrasound used in ENT?
Neck lumps
Thryoid lumps (with FNA)
Salivary gland disease
Inflammatory masses:
- Identify an abscess in kidsWhen is a FNA carried out?
Suspected lymph node malignancy
Assessment of salivary gland masses
Evaluation of thyroid lumps
Benign lymph nodes swellings have what features?
Elliptical
Obvious central fatty hilum
Organised vascular supply centred on hilum
When would CT and MRI be used for throat and neck investigation?
Infections
Trauma
Masses
Vocal cord paralysis
When would CT and MRI be used for ear investigation?
Temporal bone for cholesteatoma
Trauma
Planning for auditory implants
When would CT and MRI be used for nose investigation?
Paranasal sinuses for surgery
Tumours
In cancer staging, what cancers are CT and MRI better for staging?
CT:
- Larynx
MRI:
- Skull base pathologies
How is most paranasal sinus surgery carried out?
FESS:
- Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
How do we investigate deafness?
MRI:
- Sensorineural HL
CT:
- Conductive HL
What is contained in the pharyngeal mucosal space?
Mucosa
Lymphoid
Constrictor muscles
What is contained in the masticator space?
Mandible
Muscles
CN V
What pathology can affect the masticator space?
Dental abscess/cyst
Invasion from oral cavity
What is contained in the carotid space?
Carotid artery
Jugular vein
Cranial and sympathetic nerves
LNs
What are the other head and neck spaces apart from those mentioned (pharyngeal mucosal space, masticator space, carotid space)?
Parapharyngeal space
Parotid space
Retopharyngeal space
Perivertebral space
