Radiology - chest wall, pleura and breathing Flashcards
what lies in between the chest wall and the lungs?
pleural layers
what are the pleura of the lungs?
one attaches to the lung
one attaches to the chest wall
fluid filled spaces that allow the lungs to inflate and deflate in the chest wall without friction.
what is a pectus excavatum?
chest wall that indents into the thoracic space
pecrtus carinatum?
“birds chest”
chest wall is pertrudng
what is thorocoplasty latrogenic?
a medical procedure
when the thoracic wall is crushed in on one side
ribs and lungs are crushed and flattened
used to be treatment for TB sufferers
what is a tension pneumothorax?
air from the ruptured lung enters the pleural cavity without means of escape. as air pressure builds up, the affected lung is compressed and all of the mediastinal tissues are displaced to the opposite side of the chest
what can a tension pneumothorax cause?
squish vena cava
no venous bloodlfpw back to heart
circulation collapse
what is a hydrothorax/ pleural effusion?
when there is fluid inside the thoracic space
how can a pleural effusion be seen on imaging?
costaphrenic diagram can not be seen
where are the internal memory arteries derived from?
lie along the front of the sternum
used to graft onto disease arteries
what can cause diaphragm paralysis (central)?
-spinal cord injury
-cord compression
-central hypoventilation syndrome
-tumours
what is the main driver of breathing?
diaphragm
which nerve roots innervate the diaphragm?
C3,4,5
what complications can arise from a broken rib?
pneumothorax
haemothorax
flail segment
PAIN (nerve block
contusion (bruising)
what is a pneumothorax?
air in the thorax
ait in the pleural potential cavity
