Radiology Exam 3 Flashcards
(92 cards)
1
Q
Quality assurance
A
planning, implementation and evaluation of procedures to produce high quality radiographs with maximum diagnostic information while minimizing the radiation exposure
2
Q
Quality control
A
A series of test to assure that the radiographic system is functioning properly and that the radiographs produced are of an acceptable level of quality
3
Q
Quality Control Objectives:
A
- Maintain high standard of image quality
- ID problems BEFORE image quality is compromised
- Keep the patient and occupational radiation exposure to a minimum
- Reduce the # of retakes
4
Q
X-ray Machine Monitoring:
A
Testing Includes: Radiation output Time accuracy mA and kV settings Focal spot size Filtration Collimation Beam alignment Tube head stabilitty
5
Q
Most important thing for automatic processors:
A
Maintenance and keeping the rollers clean and fluids checked
6
Q
Clearing Time Test:
A
If the film does not clear in 4 minutes or less, the fixer needs replacement
7
Q
What is a stepwedge?
A
- Device with layered metal steps of varying thickness to determine film density and contrast
- Used to test the strength of the chemicals
8
Q
Where is the stepwedge placed?
A
On a #2 film and exposed; this is compared to a reference film
9
Q
Monitors safelight and darkroom conditions:
A
Place a coin on an unwrapped film (not exposed) under the safelight leaving for 2-3 minutes. Process, if coin is visible on the film then safelight fails
10
Q
Digital:
A
Inspect equipment on a regular basis for signs of wear or deterioration
11
Q
Quality Administration Procedures:
A
- Documentation is required to prove it was done
- Should include an assessment of current practices
- Should also include WHO is responsible for the testing and record-keeping
12
Q
Quality Administration:
A
- Description of the plan
- Assignment of duties
- Monitoring schedule
- Maintenance schedule
- Record-keeping log
- Plan for evaluation and revision
- In-service training
13
Q
Common Restorative Materials:
A
Amalgam Composite Pins Porcelain Stainless Steel Crowns Bases Silver Points Sargenti paste Gutta Percha Post & Core build ups Implants Orthodontics, etc...
14
Q
Anodontia
A
Missing teeth
15
Q
Supernumerary
A
(Extra) teeth with no space for eruption
16
Q
Dens in Dente
A
Tooth within a tooth
17
Q
Hypercementosis
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Excessive cementum
18
Q
Dilaceration
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Sharp bend in the root (usually in premolars)
19
Q
Taurodontia
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A tooth normally a mandibular molar with a very large pulp chamber and very short roots
20
Q
Gemination
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(Twinning) is a single tooth but divides into two teeth
21
Q
Fusion
A
Two teeth joined or connected almost always at the crown
22
Q
Concresence
A
When the cementum of 2 adjacent teeth is joined or fused; appears as overlapping roots
23
Q
What is dentinogenesis imperfecta?
A
The malformation of dentin
24
Q
What is amelogenesis imperfecta?
A
The malformation of enamel
25
Periapical abscess is caused by bacteria that has reached the pulp and caused irreversible pulp damage
Apical disease
26
Granuloma
Granulation tissue that is continuous with the PDL and attached to the root apex
27
What is a cyst?
A fluid filled or semi-solid area that appears RL on a radiograph; **most often in supernumery teeth**
28
What is a odontogenic cyst?
Any cyst formed because of a tooth may be periapical, residual, dentigerous
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What is a nonodontogenic cyst?
Any cyst not arising from a tooth
30
Formed by an abnormal proliferation of odontogenic cells (cells that form teeth)
Odontogenic tumors
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Large RL area of enamel origin with mono or multilocular (many compartments) that gives a soap bubble appearance
Ameloblastoma
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Most common and is a small misshapened mass of teeth
Odontoma
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Cementoma
A cementifying fibroma usually on mandibular anteriors in women and require no treatment
34
What is tooth resorption?
Primary teeth undergo in response to erupting permanent teeth
35
Retained roots are very common on radiographs caused by:
- Primary tooth root tips
- Crown has decayed completely away
- Dentist left in extraction
36
What are sialoliths?
Salivary stones that are deposits of calcium salts in salivary glands or ducts
37
What are rhinoliths?
Stones in the maxillary sinus
38
What are phleboliths?
Calcified thrombi in soft tissues usually the cheek
39
Condensing Osteitis is:
The sclerosis or hardening bone as a result of infection
40
What is osteosclerosis?
Abnormally dense bone not a result of infection
41
What is a cortical bone?
The dense outer layer of bone; appears radiopaque on a radiograph
42
Cancellous Bone
Soft spongy bone located between two layers of dense cortical bone
43
Five terms can be used to describe the 'bony prominences' seen in maxillary and mandibular periapical images:
```
Process
Ridge
Spine
Tubercle
Tuberosity
```
44
Process ( bony prominence)
A marked prominence or projection of bone
| Example: the coronoid process of the mandible
45
Ridge (bony prominence)
A linear prominence or projection of bone
| Example: the external oblique ridge of the mandible
46
Spine (bony prominence)
A sharp, thorn-like projection of bone
| Example: the anterior nasal spine of the maxilla
47
Tubercle (bony prominence)
A small bump or nodule of bone
| Example: the mental tubercles of the mandible
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Tuberosity (bony prominence)
A rounded prominence of bone
| Example: the maxillary tuberosity
49
Four terms can be used to describe the 'spaces' and 'depressions' in bone viewed in maxillary and mandibular periapical images:
Canal
Foramen
Fossa
Sinus
50
What is a canal?
A tubelike passageway through bone that contains nerves and blood vessels
Example: mandibular canal
51
What is a foramen?
An opening or hole in bone that permits the passage of nerves and blood vessels
Example: mental foramen
52
Fossa
Broad, shallow, scooped-out or depressed area of bone
| Example: submandibular fossa of the mandible
53
What is a sinus?
Hollow space, cavity, or recess in bone
| Example: maxillary sinus
54
- Bony wall that divides two spaces or cavities
| - Appears radiopaque
Septum
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- Immovable joint that represents a line of union between adjoining bones of the skull
- Appears as a thin radiolucent line
Suture
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Body Landmarks of the Maxilla
Maxilla forms the floor of the orbit of the eyes, sides and floor of the nasal cavities, and hard palate
57
Incisive Foramen
An opening or hole in the bone that is located at the midline of the anterior portion of the hard palate directly posterior to the maxillary central incisors
58
Appears as a small ovoid or round radiolucent area located between the roots of the maxillary central incisors
Incisive Foramen
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Appears as a thin radiolucent line between the maxillary central incisors
Median Palatal Suture
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What does the nasal cavity look like?
- Pear shaped compartment of bone
- Located superior to the maxilla
- Divided by a bony wall called the nasal septum
- Appears as a large radiolucent area above the maxillary incisors
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- Very bony wall wall that divides the nasal cavity into the right and left nasal fossae
- Vertical radiopaque wall
Nasal Septum
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A sharp projection of the maxilla located at the anterior and inferior portion of the nasal cavity
-Appears as v-shaped radiopaque area located at the intersection ofthe floor of the nasal cavity and the nasal septum
Anterior Nasal Spine
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Inferior Nasal Conache
Wafer-thin, curved plates of bone that extend from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity; radiopaque mass or projection within the nasal cavity
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- AKA the canine fossa
- Is a smooth, depressed area of the maxilla
- Located just inferior and medial to the infraorbital foramen between the maxillary canine and lateral incisiors
Lateral Fossa
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- Intersection of the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity
- Up-side down
- Located about the maxillary canine
Inverted Y
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- Located above the maxillary sinus
- Occupies a large portion of the maxilla
- Above maxillary premolars and molars
- Size of a pea at birth
Maxillary Sinus
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Rounded prominence of bone that extends posterior to the third molar region
Maxillary Tuberosity
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Zygomatic Process of the Maxilla:
- Bony projection of the maxilla that articulates with the zygoma or cheek bone
- Appears as a J or U shaped
- Located superior to the maxillary first molar
69
Hamulus
Appears as a radiopaque hook-like projecton posterior to the maxillary tuberosity area
70
What is zygoma?
Cheek bone
| Appears as a diffuse, radiopaque band extending posteriorly from the zygomatic process of the maxilla
71
Mandible can be divided into three main parts:
Ramus
Body
Alveolar Process
72
Ramus
Vertical portion of the mandible that is found posterior to the third molar
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Body
Body of the mandible is the horizontal U-shaped portion that extends from ramus to ramus
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Alveolar Process
The portion of the mandible that encases and supports the teeth
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Tiny bumps of bone
| Appear as a ring-shaped radiopacity below the apices of the mandibular incisors
Genial Tubercles
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Tiny opening or hole in bone located on the internal surface of the mandible
Lingual Foramen
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Nutrient Canals
Tube like passage ways through bone that contain nerves and blood vessels that supply the teeth
Vertical lines
78
A linear prominence of cortical bone located on the external surface of the anterior portion of the mandible
-Extends from the premolar region to the midline and slopes slightly upward
Mental Ridge
79
Mental Fossa
Located above the mental ridge in the mandibular incisor region
Radiolucent area above the mental ridge
80
Opening or hole in the bone located on the external surface of the mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars
-Apical Location
Mental Foramen
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Mandibular periapical radiograph appears as a radiopaque band that extends downward and forward from the ramus
Internal Oblique Ridge
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Mandibular periapical radiograpgh appears as a radiopaque band extending downward and forward from the anterior border of the ramus of the mandible
External Oblique Ridge
83
Submandibular Fossa
Scooped out, depressed area of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible inferior to the mylohoid ridge
-Radiolucent in the molar area
84
Marked prominence of bone on the anterior ramus of the mandible
-Appears as a triangular radiopacity superimposed over the maxillary tuberosity region
Coronoid Process
85
Enamel
Outermost radiopaque layer of the crown of a tooth
86
Dentin
Not as radiopaque as enamel
| Surrounds the pulp cavity
87
Junction between the dentin and the enamel of a tooth
Dentinoenamel Junction
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Bone that supports and encases the roots of teeth
Alveolar Process
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Anatomic landmarks of the Alveolar Process include the:
Lamina Dura
Alveolar Crest
PDL space
90
The wall of the tooth socket that surrounds the root of the tooth and is made up of cortical bone
Lamina Dura
91
Appears radiopaque and is typically 1.5 to 2.0 mm below the junction of the crown and the root surfaces
Alveolar Crest
92
Contains connective tisse fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatics
Appears as a thin radiolucent line around the root of a tooth
PDL space
