Radiology - Legislation

Question 1

Why is legislation necessary?

Answer 1

• Exposure to ionising radiation involves a risk to person exposed
• People exposed are: patients, staff, etc

Question 2

What does the IRR stand for?

Answer 2

Ionising Radiation Regulations

Question 3

What does IRR99 deal with?

Answer 3

Dealt with equipment and the protection of staff and the general public.

Question 4

What does IR(ME)R stand for?

Answer 4

Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulation

Question 5

What did the IR(ME)R 2000 aim for? And what is it called?

Answer 5

Aimed primarily at the protection of patients. Called IR(ME)R17

Question 6

When was IRR17 introduced and what was the approach?

Answer 6

on 1st Jan 2018. Introducing 3 tier approach of: Notification, Registration and licensing

Question 7

Legislation has to be…

Answer 7

Followed. Therefore contains the word: Must

Question 8

Guidelines advocate…

Answer 8

good practice and expert opinions. Therefore contains the word: Should

Question 9

Restriction of exposure..

Answer 9

ALARP.

Question 10

What does RPA stand for? and who can be appointed for the position?

Answer 10

Radiation Protection Adviser.

A medical physicist or specialist company

Question 11

When to consult RPA?

Answer 11

When planning new surgery - chances of radiation over dose

Question 12

What does MPE stand for?

Answer 12

Medical Physics Expert

Question 13

What is the MPE part of?

Answer 13

Part of IR(ME)R17

Question 14

What does RPS stand for? and who can be appointed for the position?

Answer 14

Radiation Protection Supervisor. Usually dentist or senior member of staff.

Question 15

Name 4 roles in Radiography

Answer 15

• Employer
• Referrer
• Practitioner
• Operator

Question 16

Entitlement in Dentistry

Answer 16

• Referrers
• Operators
• Practitioner

Entitlements MUST be recorded - Either digitally or manually

Question 17

Written procedures:

Answer 17

• Entitlement of duty holder.
• Identification of patients
• Demonstrate staff training and competence
• Quality assurance of procedures/documentation
• Clinical Audit

Question 18

Duties of the Employer include:

Answer 18

• Establish recommendations for Selection criteria and radiation dose levels

Question 19

What does the selection of radiograph based on?

Answer 19

Based on patient’s history and examination

Question 20

What does the choice of radiograph depend on?

Answer 20

• Prevalence of the disease
• Rate of progression
• Diagnostic accuracy of the imaging technique

Question 21

Clinical evaluation findings include..

Answer 21

The quality of radiograph - is it diagnostic or not.

Question 22

Whats the referrer?

Answer 22

A registered medical practitioner, dental practitioner or a health professional with entitlement

Question 23

Duties of a referrer?

Answer 23

• Supply practitioner with sufficient info to allow the exposure to be justified.
• State theres a net benefit to the patient

Question 24

How to prove for justification?

Answer 24

• Will exposure lead to a change in patient’s prognosis?
• other radiographs/reports available?
• Risk and benefits assessed?
• Other techniques with lower or no radiation dose be used?

Question 25

Information desired =

Answer 25

Radiation dose to patient

Question 26

Dental nurse responsible for?

Answer 26

- Can process dental radiographs - With additional qualification allows entitlement to take dental radiographs on prescription with supervision. - Without additional post registration qualification in dental radiology. DN can have limited entitlement.

Question 27

Prescription and Radiograph responsibility of?

Answer 27

- Most likely a registered dentist.

Question 28

Dental Hygienist and Therapist responsible for?

Answer 28

- Can prescribe radiographs and take, process and interpret films. - Limited entitlement as referrer, operator and practitioner

Question 29

Dentist is responsible for?

Answer 29

- Does everything | - Eligible to be entitled as referrers, operators and practitioners for all dental related radiographs

Question 30

Who can take radiographs in GDP?

Answer 30

- Dentist - Dental hygienist/therapist - suitably qualified dental nurse - clinical dental technician

Question 31

The operators responsibility?

Answer 31

- Taking radiographs - Not all operators can undertake all operator duties - Adequate training and must be documented

Question 32

What content is on the document?

Answer 32

Record of: - Training - Competence in areas of - Referrer duties - Practitioners duties - Operator duties

Question 33

How often do the x-ray units must be tested?

Answer 33

Minimum of every 3 years.

Question 34

Types of Audit?

Answer 34

- Clinical Audit | - Audit of procedures

Question 35

Selection criteria:

Answer 35

- Caries: depending on risk factors - Periodontal disease - severity and site - Orthodontic assessment - Oral surgery

Question 36

Additional documentation required?

Answer 36

- Patient information - Risks and benefits - Establish dose constraints