Radiology Of Bone/joint Disease - LA Flashcards
Radiographic views in large animal
Dorsal-palmar
Lateral-medial
Oblique (x2)
Orthopedic Roentgen signs
Changes in:
Size (swelling)
Shape (contour abnormality, malalignment, subluxation…)
Opacity (inc/dec density)
Marination (irregular periosteal proliferation, subchondral irregularly/bone loss)
Number
Description
What? Roentgen signs, production/destruction/mixed/trauma
Where? Bone or joint, location on bone/relative to joint - layer, region, surface
One or multiple
Localized, diffuse, multifocal
Common diagnosis in orthopedic imaging
Fracture
Osteoarthritis/subchondral bone injury
OCD
Septic osteoarthritis
Enthesopathy
Combination
Productive pattern
Periarticular new bone (Osteophytosis, enthesophytosis)
Periosteal rxn (smooth > lamellar > spiculated > sunburst > amorphous)
Destructive pattern
Geographic lysis
Moth-eaten to Permeative lysis
Mixed pattern
Aggressive
Osteomyelitis, septic arthritis
Severe osteoarthritis
Neoplasia in LA uncommon!!
“Aggressive” in imaging
Rapidly changing
Not related to prognosis (per se)
Likely to be painful not matter where location
May or may not cause lameness
Joint components
Synovium
Joint margin
Joint capsule/collateral ligaments
Intra-capsular soft tissue structure
Periosteum
Subchondral bone
Cartilage
Radiographic components of osteoarthritis
Subchondral sclerosis +/- lucency
Joint effusion/capsular thickening
Periarticular new bone formation
Joint space narrowing (cartilage loss)
Septic arthritis
Typically greater degree of lameness with little radiographic changes in early stage
Early: joint effusion/capsular thickening, subchondral lysis
Late: end-stage degenerative osteoarthritis
Free osseous fragments
Chronic repetitive trauma (Osteochondral fragmentation - chip fractures)
Developmental (OCD, “chips”) - young horses
Acute trauma
