radiology test

Question 1

what is a greenstick fracture?

Answer 1

a partial thickness fracture where only cortex and periosteum are interrupted on one side of the bone but remain uninterrupted on the other.

Question 2

Where are the most common sites for a greenstick fracture to occur?

Answer 2

They occur most often in long bones, including the fibula, tibia, ulna, radius, humerus, and clavicle.

Question 3

what is a Salter–Harris fracture fracture?

Answer 3

A Salter–Harris fracture is a fracture that involves the epiphyseal plate or growth plate of a bone, specifically the zone of provisional calcification. It is a common injury found in children, occurring in 15% of childhood long bone fractures.

Question 4

what is a buckle fracture?

Answer 4

a common fracture of the distal radius +/- ulna where only one side of the bone buckles but the other side of the bone is unaffected.

Question 5

What does this image show?

Answer 5

a buckle fracture

Question 6

What are the radiological findings for bronchiolitis?

Answer 6

air trapping - more than 5-6 ribs seen and flattened diaphragm on lateal cxr

Question 7

A young girl became rapidly unwell and febrile with nosiy breathing. What does this image show?

Answer 7

epiglottitis

Question 8

What does this image show?

Answer 8

bucket/corner fracture - which is pathopgominic for peadiatric abuse/NAI

Question 9

What does the term ‘periosteal reaction’ mean?

Answer 9

formation of new bone in response to injury

Question 10

what does a mass arising from the kindey in a child usually indicate?

Answer 10

a Wilm’s tumour (nephroblastoma)

Question 11

What is a Monteggia fracture dislocation?

Answer 11

a fracture of the proximal ulna or plastic deformation of the ulna with radial head subluxation/dislocation

Question 12

What does this xray show?

Answer 12

A monteggia fracture of the ulna

Question 13

What does this x ray show?

Answer 13

a lateral condyle fracture of the humerus

Question 14

what does this xray show?

Answer 14

a supracondylar fracture of the humerus

Question 15

what does this xray show?

Answer 15

an olecranon fracture (which is part of the ulnar bone)

Question 16

What is a Galeazzi fracture?

Question 17

How do you remember the difference between Galeazzi and monteggia fractures?

Answer 17

GRUesome MURder

Galeazzi # has the radial bone fractured with ulnar dislocation

Monteggia # has ulnar bone # and radial dislocation

Question 18

what does this image show?

Answer 18

an intertrochanteric #

Question 19

What does this image show?

Answer 19

acetabular rim #

Question 20

What are these fractures

Answer 20

subcapital

transcervical

intertrochanteric

Question 21

What are these fractures

Answer 21

subtrochanteric

greater trochanter #

lesser trochanter #

Question 22

What does this xray show?

Answer 22

a subcapital #

Question 23

what is a clay shovellers fracture

Answer 23

fracture of the lower cervical vertebrae

c7 and c6

Question 24

where do mst cervical spine fractures occur?

Answer 24

c2

Question 25

what does this image show?

Answer 25

polycystic kidneys on ct

Question 26

What are the sizes of a renal calliculi that can be easily passed, could be passed and could not be passed?

Answer 26

less than 5mm = can be passed 5-7mm = could be passed more than 7mm = cannot be passed

Question 27

what does metasteses to the brain look like on ct?

Answer 27

multiple lesions usually at the grey-white matter junctions

Question 28

what happens when a foreign body gets stuck in a main bronchus? and how can you tell the difference between which bronchus it is in?

Answer 28

when a foreign body gets stuck in the bronchi, it causes a ball valve effect, in which air can enter, but not leave. This causes air trapping. We can tell this because we request an inspiration and expiration cxr; on inspiration all seems normal, but on expiration the side which has the blockage, the diaphragm will not move up as expected. It is also important to note that not all obsturctions will be radio opaque.

Question 29

What is Hirschsprung disease?

Answer 29

It is a failure of development of distal colonic ganglion cells. It presents when the baby does not pass meconium within the first 24 hours.

Question 30

What # is this?

Answer 30

Weber a fracture does not need surgery

Question 31

What # is this

Answer 31

Weber b may or may not need surgery

Question 32

what # is this

Answer 32

weber c (above the syndesmosis ligament) will need surgery

Question 33

What does this xray show?

Answer 33

a talar shift

Question 34

What are the five modalities of xray, from darkest to lightest ?

Answer 34

air soft tissue and fluid bone metal

Question 35

What does this xray show?

Answer 35

xray of the knee shows lipohaemarthrosis

Question 36

What does this xray show?

Answer 36

a lisfrank injury in which the ligaments holding the medial cuneiform to the 2nd metatarsal base is disrupted and has lead to a dislocation

Question 37

What are the arrows pointing at and what does this mean?

Answer 37

the sail sign sign of effusion

Question 38

What injury is this?

Answer 38

Galeazzi #

Question 39

What does this xray show?

Answer 39

Monteggia #

Question 41

What is the xray showing?

Answer 41

anterior shoulder dislocation, this is because on lateral view we can see that the humeral head is not at the centre of the mercedes sign adn is towards the body and the rib cage

Question 42

what can an anterioir shoulder dislocation lead to ?

Answer 42

bankart and hillsack lesions bankart: chip off of the glenoid hillsack: chip off of the humeral head

Question 43

what does this xray show?

Answer 43

posterioir shoulder dislocation this is because it is away from the ribs of the mercedes sign and on the AP view the humerus appears to look like a lightbulb

Question 44

what are the main causes of post dislocation of the shoulder?

Answer 44

electric shock seizure

Question 45

What does this xray show?

Answer 45

a radial styloid fracture (chauffers fracture)

Question 46

what is this image showing?

Answer 46

a salter harris type i fracture (straight through) of the distal fifrth phalanges

Question 47

what salter harris classification is this injury?

Answer 47

type iii

Question 48

what salter harris classification is this injury?

Answer 48

salter harris ii (need to flip bone upside down remember) to the radial head

Question 49

what salter harris classification is this injury?

Answer 49

tibia head salter harris iv

Question 50

what does this xray show\>

Answer 50

bamboo c spine = ankylosing spondilitis

Question 51

what does this xray show?

Answer 51

a pedicle fracture at c2

Question 52

what does this xray show? and what are the likely causes?

Answer 52

small bowel obtruction most commonly due to adhesions, then hernias, and intrinsic or extrinisc neoplastic masses

Question 53

what does this xray show\>

Answer 53

large bowel obstruction

Question 54

what does this xray show?

Answer 54

pneumoperitineum since we can see a clear white border around the colonic structures

Question 55

what does this xray show?

Answer 55

toxic megacolon in the descending colon, evidence is the lead pipe appearance and loss of colonic folds

Question 56

what does this xray show?

Answer 56

coffee bean sign = sigmoid volvulus

Question 57

what does this xray show?

Answer 57

string of pearls sign = small bowel obstruction

Question 58

what does this xray show? and what is the common mechanism of action

Answer 58

tear drop fracture c4 and c5 loss of natural lordosis flexion of the spine, along with vertical axial compression,

Question 59

describe a hangmans #

Answer 59

bilateral fracture of the pars interarticularis

Question 60

what does this xray show\>

Answer 60

hangmans fracture at c2

Question 61

what is a jefferson #

Answer 61

a fracture of c1

Question 62

what does this xray show

Answer 62

locket facet dislocation at c6

Question 63

What is CRITOE

Answer 63

CRITOE stands for capetellum radial head inferioir epicondyle trochlea olecranon extrenal epicondyle (on the side of the radius) These structures develop at the ages, 1,3,5,7,9 and 11.

Question 64

Point and label the regions CRITOE

Answer 64

Question 65

label the bones of the hand

Answer 65

Question 66

what are the order of investigations for a pe?

Question 67

What are radiographic signs of a simple pneumothorax?

Answer 67

deep sulcus sign (the lateral costophrenic angle is more pronounced on the affected side in the supine patient.) Visible visceral pleural outline Volume loss of the affected lung

Question 68

what is a colles fracture?

Answer 68

distal end of radius is broken with dorsal angulation of the radial head

Question 69

what are the first scans to order for suspected renal colic?

Question 70

What is the diameter in which an appendix is considered inflamed?

Answer 70

more than 6mm