Radiopharm

Question 1

Reducing agent

Answer 1

Substance that reduces another substance, by itself being oxidized

Question 2

Chelating agent

Answer 2

a substance who molecules can form several bonds to a single metal ion.

Question 3

ligand

Answer 3

a group ion or molecule coordinated to a central atom or molecule

Question 4

antioxidant

Answer 4

a substance that inhibits ocidation or rxns promoted by oxygen, peroxides, or free radicals

Question 5

oxidizing agent

Answer 5

a substance that gains electrons electrons in a chemical rxn, usually transfers oxygen to a substrate.

Question 6

Hydrolyzed-Reduced Tc-99m

Answer 6

Particulate inpurity taht is insoluble Tc99 dioxide and/or Tc99m tin colloid

Question 7

Free Tc99m

Answer 7

radionuclide that did not bind to the desired ligand.

Question 8

Moly breakthrough

Answer 8

must be less than 0.15 microcuries per mCi of Tc-99m at the time of injection

Question 9

Aluminum ion breakthrough test

Answer 9

litmus test

Question 10

Ion Chamber

Answer 10

xrays, gamma rays, beta particles

argon gas

radiation dose rate in mrems/hour

Question 11

Geiger Muller

Answer 11

contamination

argon gas

all types of radiation

Question 12

Dose calibrator

Answer 12

measures the quantities of millicuries in a dose before giving to patient

argon gas

Question 13

Wipe counter

Answer 13

highly sensitive (for small quantities of contamination.

thallium doped iodide crystal

Question 14

Constancy

Answer 14

daily test for prescision and reproducibility

Question 15

linearity

Answer 15

quarterly? meausres linear radiation at different doses for reliability

Question 16

accuracy

Answer 16

annually

within 10%

Question 17

Geometry

Answer 17

correct readings regardelss of size or geometery (every syringe sizewith diff volumes)

Question 18

Bone scan

Indications

Answer 18

mest, osteo, stress fxs, pagets, altered bone physiology

Question 19

Bone scan

agents

Answer 19

tc 99m
mdp
hdp
pyp
f18naf

Question 20

Bone scan

adult dose

Answer 20

15-20mci

Question 21

Bone scan

peds dose

Answer 21

eanm dosing chart

Question 22

Bone scan

ciritical organ

Answer 22

bladder wall and gonads

Question 23

Bone scan

excretion

Answer 23

50% renal in 4-6 hours

Question 24

bone scan

drug rxn

Answer 24

bisphosphonates decrease uptake

Question 25

F18 naf for bone

Answer 25

pet tracer positron emission half life 109.7 minutes energy 633 kev and 511 kev urinary excretion 10mci dose

Question 26

MPS agents

Answer 26

``` TI 201 (thallium) Tc99 sestamibi Tc99m tetrafosmin Rb 82 (PET) N13 ammonia (PET) ```

Question 27

MPS Thallium

Answer 27

1/2 life is 73 hours, biological is 19 days, effective for 48 hours critical organs are thryroid and testes can be used for viability as well

Question 28

MPS sestamibi

Answer 28

ischemia hepaobiliary clearance 6 hour half life upper large intestine is critical organ

Question 29

MPS tetrofosmin (myoview)

Answer 29

ischemia and ventricle function passive lipophilic diffusion 5-33mci 6.03 hour half life critical organ is gallbladder wall hepatobiliary excretion

Question 30

MPS rb 82

Answer 30

cardiogen 82 decays from strontium 82 wich has a half life of 25 days half life of 75 seconds 40mci dose (30-60) kidnes liver speen and lung are critical organs

Question 31

N13 ammonia PET

Answer 31

myocardium under rest or pharmacologic stress 10-20mci physical half ife of 9.96 minutes bio 2.84 inutes effective 2.21 minutes photons 511 kev

Question 32

Adenosine

Answer 32

stress agent endogenous coronary vasodilator T1/2 4-10 seconds 140mcg/kg/min CI: av block, sinus node dz, bradycardia, asthma

Question 33

Lexiscan

Answer 33

stress agent low afinity for A2 adenosine receptor produces vasodilation and increased coronary blood flow 3 phase half life with intermediate of 30 minutes ci are heart block, bradys, sinus node dysfunction antidote is aminophylline

Question 34

dipyridamole

Answer 34

stress agent coronary vasodilator (increases flow by 4 times) plasma 1/2 life of 30 minutes antidote aminophylline

Question 35

Dobutamine

Answer 35

stress agent b1 agonist with increased cardiac output 1/2 life of 2 minutes hold ccb and beta blockers ci with cardiomyopahty aortic stneosis, constrictive pericarditis, peumonectomy, mi in last 30 days antidote is esmolol

Question 36

MUGA

Answer 36

evaluation of ventricular function LVEF = (EDV -ESV)/ (EDV) X100 in vivo (pyp) and in vitro (tc99m) tagging of rbcs pyp and tc99m works by blood pool

Question 37

I123 MIBG for cardiac studies

Answer 37

indicated for CHF mortality risk dose is 10ci over 1-2 minutes, pretreat iwth sski Iobenguane, pools in the adrenals, liver spleen, lungs, heart, salivary glands and neural crest tumors

Question 38

Hepatobiliary scan

Answer 38

Tc99m lidofenin, disofenin, mebrofenin ruq, acut chole, chronic chole, gbef, post chole leak, sod dysfunction binds to albumin and carried to liver npo for 4-6 hours but less than 24 hours 4-6 hours after narcotics use morphine if you visualize the intesting but no gall bladder at 30-60 minutes. after admin if gallbladder is seen then chronic chole if not seen then acute cck give 30 minutes prior if pt npo for > 24 hours. give during study to calculate GBEF. dont use after morphine ensure plus 237 ml to ensure ef with no cck phenobarbital with peds will be uptaken into biliary if just jaundixe wbut no uptake if biliary atresia..

Question 39

disofenin

Answer 39

hepatolite 30mg/dl of bili peak liver in 10 minutes visualize gb or liver by 60 minutes

Question 40

mebrofenin

Answer 40

choletec hepatic and gb visualized in 10-15 minutes instestinal activity at 30-60 minutes contains presesrvatives

Question 41

VQ scan indications

Answer 41

PE COPD PAH

Question 42

Ventilation

Answer 42

Xe 133 or Tc99m DTPA xe bio half life 30 seconds, physical 1/2 life 5.3 days, beta decay 81 kev, beforeperfusion, lipophilic, 15-25 mci lungs are critical dtpa must be less than 3 microns, 5-10% of dose in nebulizer is actually delivered, delivered soe is 15mci, half life is 1 hour in the lungs

Question 43

Perfusion

Answer 43

Tc99-m MAA localized by capillary blockade lung is critical organ >150 microns will clog arterioles <10 microns will pass through the liver reduce number of particles with right to let shunt, peds, pulm htn, pregnancy, pneumonectomy

Question 44

brain imaging perfusion agents

Answer 44

``` Tc99m-exametazime (ceretec) HMPAO Tc99m bicisate (neurolite) ECD ``` PET: F-18FDG DATscan (Ioflupane i23 Amyvid (florbetapir f18)

Question 45

Tc99m ECD and HMPAO

Answer 45

HMPAO gets cobalt added with it and it becomes table for 5 hours they are lipid soluble and can cross the bbb

Question 46

F18 FDG brain perfusion

Answer 46

fdg glucose pass the BBB 8-12 mci acetazolamide 250-500mg to produce cerebral venous dilation and increase flow

Question 47

Datscan

Answer 47

ioflupane i123 suspected parkinsons vs essential tremor binds to dopamine transporters in the substantia nigra 3-5 mci with sski urine elimination spect 3-6 hours later halfl ife 13.2 ci with ssrisamphatime, amoxapine, benztropine, bupropion, cocaine, fentanyll, norepi, ritalin

Question 48

amyvid

Answer 48

Florbetapir F18 pet imaging to estimate beta amyloid in alzheimer vs of causes of cognitive decline binds to beta amyloid plaques and produces a positron 10 mci gb > colon > small intestine > liver for critical organ biliary elimiination

Question 49

Liver/spleen scan

Answer 49

tc99m SC 5mci goes to kupferr cells in the liver, macrophages in the spleen and the bone marrow use a filter to get out particles that are too large. lung upake if collodial clumping 0.1-1 micron diameter