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MS4 - Neurology > Raised ICP > Flashcards

Raised ICP Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Signs of raised ICP

A

Headache

Vomiting

Papilloedema

Reduced GCS

Seizures

Pupil changes

Cushing’s triad

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2
Q

When is raised ICP headache worse

A

Waking

Lying down

Bending forward

Coughing

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3
Q

Signs of space occupying lesion

A

Raised ICP

Seizures

Focal neurology

Subtle personality change

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4
Q

Causes of SOL

A

Tumour

Aneurysm

Abscess

Chronic subdural haematoma

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5
Q

Types of primary brain tumour

A

Astrocytoma

Glioblastoma

Oligodendroglioma

Ependymoma

Meningioma

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6
Q

Metastatic brain tumours

A

Breast

Lung

Melanoma

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7
Q

Mx of hydrocephalus

A

Ventriculo-Peritoneal shunt

(VP shunt)

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8
Q

Third ventrical colloid cyst definition

A

Congenital cysts

Present in adulthood

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9
Q

Presentation of Third ventrical colloid cysts

A

Amnesia

Headache

Incontinence

Bilateral paraesthesia

Blunted consciousness

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10
Q

Mx of Third ventrical colloid cyst

A

Excision

VP shunt

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11
Q

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension presentation

A

Same as SOL but absence of mass

Narrowed visual fields

Consciousness and cognition preserved

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12
Q

Typical patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension

A

Obese women

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13
Q

Causes of idiopathic intracranial hypertension

A

Unknown

Secondary to venous sinus thrombosis

Drugs

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14
Q

Drug causes of idiopathic intracranial hypertension

A

Tetracycline

Nitrofurantoin

Vit A

Isotretanoin

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15
Q

Mx of idiopathic intracranial hypertension

A

Weight loss

Acetazolamide

Loop diuretics

Prednisolone

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16
Q

Prognosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension

A

Often self limiting

10% permanent significant visual loss

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17
Q

Mx options for visual disturbance

A

Lumbar-peritoneal shunt

Optic nerve sheath fenestration

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18
Q

Temporal lobe focal neurology

A

Dysphagia

Contralateral homonymous hemianopia

Amnesia

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19
Q

Frontal lobe focal neurology

A

Hemiparesis

Personality changes

Broca’s dysphasia

Unilateral anosmia

Perseveration

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20
Q

Parietal lobe focal neurology

A

Hemisensory loss

Dysphasia

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21
Q

Occipital lobe focal neurology

A

Contralateral visual field defects

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22
Q

Cerebellum focal neurology

A

DANISH P

Dysdiadochokinesis

Ataxia

Nystagms

Intention tremor

Slurred speech

Hypotonia

Past pointing

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23
Q

Sx of cerebral abscess

Study These Flashcards
A

Raised ICP

Fever

Coma

Sepsis

24
Q

Mx of cerebral abscess

Study These Flashcards
A

Urgent neurosurgery referral

Rx raised ICP

25
Cushing's triad definition
Late sign of raised ICP Worried about coning
26
Cushing's triad
Bradycardia HTN Cheyne-Stokes respiration
27
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Irregular breathing
28
Causes of raised ICP
Tumours Head injury Haemorrhage Infection Hydrocephalus Status epilepticus
29
Mx of raised ICP
Urgent neurosurgery referral Lift head of bed Hyperventilate Osmotic agents (mannitol) Fluid restriction
30
Reason for hyperventilation to rx raised ICP
Reduced CO2 Cerebral vasoconstriction Reduced ICP immediately
31
Level of fluid restriction for raised ICP
\< 1.5 L/day
32
Uncal herniation
lateral supratentorial mass 3rd nerve palsy
33
Cerebellar tonsil herniation
Cerebellar tonsils through foramen magnum
34
Sx of cerebellar tonsil herniation
Ataxia 6th nerve palsy Upgoing plantars LOC Irregular breathing
35
Subfalcian (cingulate) herniation
Cingulate gyrus forced under rigid falx cerebri ACA compressed causes stroke
36
Definition of encephalitis
Infection of brain
37
Sx of encephalitis
Confusion Reduced GCS Fever Headache Focal neurology Seizures
38
Viral causes of encephalitis
HSV 1 and 2 Arboviruses CMV EBV VZV HIV seroconversion Measles Mumps Japanese B encephalitis I can't even think of any more viruses
39
Non viral causes of encephalitits
Bacterial meningitis TB Malaria Lyme disease Leptospirosis
40
Ix for encephalitis
Blood cultures Serum viral PCR Malaria film CT LP
41
CT findings in encephalitis
Focal bilateral temporal lobe involvement suggestive of HSV encephalitis
42
LP findings in encephalitis
Increased protein Increased lymphocytes Decreased glucose Send CSF for viral PCR
43
Mx of encephalitis
Aciclovir 14 days
44
Causes of subarachnoid haemorrhage
Saccular aneurysm rupture Arteriovenous malformation Indiopathic
45
Associations of berry aneurysms
Polycystic kidney disease Aortic coarctation Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
46
RFs for subarachnoid haemorrhage
Smoking Alcohol misuse HTN Bleeding disorders
47
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome features
Hypermobile joints Increased skin elasticity
48
Sx of subarachnoid haemorrhage
Sudden onset Thunderclap occipital headache Vomiting
49
Signs of subarachnoid haemorrhage
Neck stiffness Seizure Collapse
50
Sentinel headache definition
Early small warning headache before subarachnoid haemorrhage Warning leak
51
Ix for subarachnoid haemorrhage
CT within 48 hrs LP \> 12 hrs if CT negative
52
LP findings in subarachnoid haemorrhage
Xanthochromia is pathopneumonic CSF is yellow after several hrs from Hb breakdown Shows blood in CSF is not from LP
53
Mx of subarachnoid haemorrhage
Neurosurgery referral Hydration Nimodipine Endovascular coiling
54
Use of nimodipine for subarachnoid haemorrhage
Ca channel blocker Reduces cerebral vasospasm and therefore cerebral ischaemia
55
Complications of subarachnoid haemorrhage
Rebleeding Cerebral ischaemia Hydrocephalus Hyponatraemia

MS4 - Neurology (11 decks)

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