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1
Q

bypass, typhlotomy, sytemic overhydration as tx
1.7 - 5%, doughy,

A

cecal impaction

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2
Q

occurs at any age but common sa middle aged horse

A

cecal impaction

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3
Q

common in < 3 yrs, tx: ventral midline celiotomy
ileum. affected

A

cecocolic intu

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4
Q

accumulation of infesta in LC lumen, pelvic flexure, low water intake

medical is better and longer in long term than surgical

A

large colon impaction

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5
Q

rectal: firm and viscous, hand walk, tx psyllim hydrophiic muciloid,, sx: v md celiotomy

A

sand impaction

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6
Q

dz where u should not give dss

A

sand impaction

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7
Q

mineral conc in LC

A

enterolithiasis

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8
Q

2 types of large colon displacement

A

left dorsal displacement
right dorsal displacement

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9
Q

tx is colopexy?

A

large colon displacement

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10
Q

LDD organs

A

nephrospleenic = kidney plus spleen

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11
Q

RDD organs

A

cecum + right body wall

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12
Q

horizontal taut band plus diagonal

A

RDD

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13
Q

common in older horses?

A

large colon volvulus

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14
Q

tightly distended?

A

lcv

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15
Q

what floats on lcv

A

ventral colon floats on dorsal

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16
Q

ancillary diagnosis
inTRAoperative
guarded to poor prognosis

A

LCV

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17
Q

2 dz of small colon

A

small colon impaction
colonic ulcer + right dorsal colitis

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18
Q

horses predisposed to SCI?

A

ponies

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19
Q

low access to water
“tubular”
salmonellosis
MEDICAL > sx

A

SCI

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20
Q

tx for colonic ulcer + right dorsal colitis pero siguro for ulcer lang

tx for RDC

A

gastroscopy
freq feeding
no hay

sucralfate, flavor h2o, electrolytes

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21
Q

age for colic

A

foal: meconium impaction, strangulating umbilicus, hernia, ascarid impaction

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22
Q

age for strangulating lipoma

A

> 14 yrs

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23
Q

sex for colic

A

uterine torsion of large colon volvulus in mares

Inguinal hernia in stallions

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24
Q

breed for colic

A

nephrosplenic entrapment in large horses

Small colon impaction in miniature horses

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25
result to severe pain due to obstruction in the abdominal walls
simple gas colic
26
high RR in colic associated with? may cause?
cyanosis acidosis
27
"the higher the pulse rate, the worse the lesion and prognosis" t or f
t
28
heart or pulse rate: ondicator of severity but not usually helpful in making a diagnosis
t
29
normal MM/crt?
Normally pink with CRT of 1-2 seconds >3 cardiovascular compromised = shock
30
Done on both sides along the caudal border of the rib cage from paralumbar fossa to ventral abdomen
Auscultation
31
indicates abnormal bowel motility absence suggests absence of motility Stronger sound in?? left flank? right flank? What to look for?
Borborygmi sa left dorsal and left ventral colon Left flank: Crumpling paper, bubbles Right: dripping water sound increased sound?: inflammation problem Reduced sound volume: possible feed impaction High pitch = gas? Increased volume: impaction
32
Performed during auscultation to find pockets of gas: right side? left side?
percussion right: cecal tympany left: large colon distention
33
Nasogastric Intubation Cranial obstruction: odor and color and ph? large acidic volumes may indicate?
stomach or upper small intestines sweet green 3-6 pyloric or duodenal blockage
34
should be immediately done if pulse > 60
ngt
35
most helpful dagnostic procedure and aid in determining the diagnosis and need for surgery
rectal exam
36
test for foals?
radiography
37
best for gastric ulcer?
endoscopy
38
can be used to locate blockages, gas, enteroliths, sand, etc.
radiogrpahy
39
indwelling catheter
fluid therapy
40
alkaline yellow fluid greater than 4 liters
gastric reflux
41
increased protein with RBC and degenerate neutrophil
peritoneal fluid
42
proximal enteritis cant be differentiated with strangulating obstruction. t or f
t
43
dz that is idiopathic and regional pyrexia 102 - 104 F guarded
proximal enteritis
44
acute onset antihelmintic
Ascarid impaction
45
Invagination of a segment of bowel and its mesentery into the lumen of an adjacent segment of bowel
Intussusception
46
portion of intestine into which another portion has invaginated
Intussuscipiens
47
portion of intestine that has been invaginated within another part
Intussusceptum
48
signalment: foal to yearlinng
ascarid impaction
49
worm of ascarid imp
Heavy Parascaris equorum(round worm) infestation
50
Occurs when a segment of small intestine twists on its own mesentery
small intestine volvulus
51
Intestinal infarction Severe Ascarid infestation Intestinal incarceration Adhesions or fibrous bands Mesodiverticular band or Meckel’s diverticulum
SIV
52
Not age specific Young horses (1 to 3 years) over represented
SIV
53
Grave with surgery 80% fatality rate Rapidly fatal, often die during shipping
SIV
54
sudden increase in intra-abdominal pressure
inguinal hernia
55
Signalment: Breed—Standardbred, Tennessee Walking Horse, American Saddlebred, Belgian Older stallion Neonatal colt
inguinal hernia
56
foal soft adult firm
inguinal hernia
57
tx for foal and adult IH
foal manual reduction adult sx
58
Idiopathic Definition: Hypertrophy of the muscle layers of the ileum Secondary luminal narrowing Secondary partial obstruction
ileal hypertrophy
59
Clinical signs: Intermittent colic with vague signs of weight loss and lethargy
Ileal hypertrophy
60
Treatment for IH
Surgery—ileal myotomy Surgery—ileal bypass
61
Clinical findings: Mild pain that escalates as small intestinal distension progresses Frequently respond to medical management with slow deterioration of physical parameters
ileal impaction
62
signalment of ileal impaction
arabian geldings
63
Etiology: Foreign body (e.g.. rubber fencing) Bedding (e.g.. corn cobs) Coastal Bermuda grass hay
ileal impaction
64
Epiploic foramen:
Portal vein Caudal vena cava Caudate lobe of the liver Represents a potential space
65
Atrophy of the caudate lobe enlarges the potential opening Ileum migrates into opening and becomes trapped
EPIPLOIC FORAMEN HERNIATION
66
Commonly affects middle age to aged horses
EPIPLOIC FORAMEN HERNIATION
67
tx for EPIPLOIC FORAMEN HERNIATION
sx: res and anas poor to fair
68
Lipoma suspended from a mesenteric pedicle passes around a segment of bowel or through a a mesenteric rent causing strangulation Obesity may be a contributing factor
pedunculated lipoma
69
Mesodiverticular band (jejunum) Strangulation occurs as a loop of bowel passes through the rent and becomes trapped Mesentery becomes caught and strangulates trapped bowel segment
MESENTERIC DEFECT
70
tx for MESENTERIC DEFECT
Surgery—resection and anastomosis
71
Previous abdominal surgery (colic, castration) Small intestinal distension or ischemia Peritonitis or abdominal foreign body Well formed by 5- 7days Capable of causing obstruction by 14 days
adhesions
72
Granulomatous enteritis Eosinophilic gastroenteritis Alimentary lymphosarcoma Hypoalbuminemia Chronic, intermittent , mild colic Anemia of chronic disease + Immune mediated skin lesions Diagnosis: Rectal—mesenteric lymphadenopathy, thickened bowel, + abdominal mass Ultrasound—thickened bowel wall
SMALL INTESTINAL NEOPLASIA
73
tx for small intestinal neoplasia
Resection of affected intestine (not curative) Euthanasia - recommended
74
Part of EGUS (more commonly in foals)
duodenal ulcers or strictures
75
tx for DU/S meds? sx?
Omeprazole (4 mg/kg, PO, Q24h, 28 days) Omeprazole (0.5 mg/kg, IV, Q24h) Ranitidine (6.6 mg/kg, PO, Q8h) gastrojejunostomy
76
Uncommon in older horses Squamous cell carcinoma, most common form Other: lymphosarcoma, adenosarcoma
Gastric Neoplasia
77
tx for gastric neoplasia?
none. grave
78
Infrequent cause of Colic in horses Dry feed material and decreased water intake Winter: walang umaabot na tubig sa gripo nila
Gastric Impaction
79
tx for gastric impaction
Tx with dioctyl sodium succinate (DSS): a surfactant

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