random

Question 1

maintain constant ion concentration

Answer 1

kidneys

Question 2

maintenance of nearly constant conditions in the internal
environment

Answer 2

homeostasis

Question 3

Extracellular fluid is transported through all parts of the
body in two stages

Answer 3

first stage is movement of blood through the body in the blood vessels
second is
movement of fluid between the blood capillaries and the
intercellular spaces between the tissue cells.

Question 4

changes the chemical compositions of many of these substances to more usable forms,
and other tissues of the body.
help modify the
absorbed substances or store them until they are needed

Answer 4

liver

Question 5

where do co2 is released from the blood

Answer 5

lung alveoli

Question 6

undigested materials that enters the GI tract eliminated as what?

Answer 6

feces

Question 7

can store information, generate thoughts, create ambition, and determine
reactions that the body performs in response to the sensations.

Answer 7

brain

Question 8

provide a system for regulation that complements the nervous system.

Answer 8

hormones

Question 9

regulation of oxygen concentration in the
tissues is vested principally into this chemical characteristics . .

Answer 9

hemoglobin

Question 10

l can lead to a
vicious cycle of increasing cellular metabolism that destroys
the cells.

Answer 10

increase in the body
temperature of only above norma 11°F (7°C)

Question 11

does not lead to stability but to instability and, in some
cases, can cause death.

Answer 11

positive feedback

Question 12

extreme dysfunction

Answer 12

death

Question 13

moderate dysfunction

Answer 13

sickness

Question 14

are several types of substances that are
grouped together because of their common property of
being soluble in fat solvents

Answer 14

lipids

Question 15

also called neutral
fat.

Answer 15

triglycerides

Question 16

The fat stored in these cells
represents the body’s main storehouse of energy-giving
nutrients that can later be dissoluted and used to provide
energy wherever in the body it is needed.

Answer 16

triglycerides

Question 17

have little structural
function in the cell except as parts of glycoprotein molecules, but they play a major role in nutrition of the cell.

Answer 17

carbohydrates

Question 18

envelops the cell, is a thin, pliable, elastic structure
only 7.5 to 10 nanometers thick. It is composed almost
entirely of proteins and lipids

Answer 18

cell membrane

Question 19

provide a barrier that
impedes the movement of water and water-soluble sub
stances from one cell compartment to another because water
is not soluble in lipids

Answer 19

lipids of the membrane

Question 20

in the
membrane often do penetrate all the way through the mem
brane, thus providing specialized pathways, often organized
into actual pores, for passage of specific substances through
the membrane.

Answer 20

protein molecules

Question 22

lipid in nature because their steroid nucleus is highly fat
soluble

Answer 22

cholesterol

Question 23

mainly help determine the degree of permeability (or impermeability) of the bilayer
to water-soluble constituents of body fluids.
controls much of the fluidity of the membrane as well

Answer 23

Cholesterol

Question 24

through which water molecules and water
soluble substances, especially ions, can diffuse between
the extracellular and intracellular fluids. also have selective properties that allow preferential diffusion of some substances over others.

Answer 24

protein
channels

Question 25

loose carbohydrate coat

Answer 25

glycocalyx

Question 26

The carbohydrate moieties attached to the outer sur face of the cell have several important functions:

Answer 26

(1) Many of them have a negative electrical charge, which gives most cells an overall negative surface charge that repels other negative objects. (2) The glycocalyx of some cells attaches to the glycocalyx of other cells, thus attaching cells to one another. (3) Many of the carbohydrates act as receptor substances for binding hormones, . (4) Some carbohydrate moieties enter into immune reactions,

Question 27

The clear fluid portion of the cytoplasm in which the particles are dispersed this contains mainly dissolved proteins, electrolytes, and glucose.

Answer 27

cytosol

Question 28

show that the space inside the endoplasmic reticulum is connected with the space between the two membrane surfaces of the nuclear membrane.

Answer 28

Electron micrographs

Question 29

It is usually composed of four or more stacked layers of thin, flat, enclosed vesicles lying near one side of the nucleus.

Answer 29

golgi apparatus

Question 30

lysosomes allow to digest

Answer 30

(1) damaged cellular structures, (2) food particles that have been ingested by the cell, and (3) unwanted matter such as bacteria

Question 31

is capable of splitting an organic compound into two or more parts by combining hydrogen from a water molecule with one part of the compound and combining the hydroxyl portion of the water molecule with the other part of the compound.

Answer 31

hydrolytic enzyme

Question 32

believed to be formed by self-replication (or perhaps by budding off from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum) rather than from the Golgi apparatus. contain oxidase rather than hydrolase

Answer 32

peroxisomes

Question 33

is a highly oxidizing substance and is used in association with catalase, another oxidase enzyme present in large quantities in peroxisomes, to oxidize many substances that might otherwise be poisonous to the cell

Answer 33

Hydrogen peroxide

Question 34

are secreted later through the outer cell membrane into the pancreatic duct and thence into the duodenum, where they become activated and perform digestive functions on the food in the intestinal tract.

Answer 34

proenzymes

Question 36

large numbers of actin filaments frequently occur in the outer zone of the cytoplasm, called the what?, to form an elastic support for the cell membrane.

Answer 36

ectoplasm

Question 37

special type of stiff filament composed of polymerized tubulin molecules is used in all cells to construct strong tubular structures,

Answer 37

microtubules,

Question 38

act as a cytoskeleton, providing rigid physical structures for certain parts of cells.

Answer 38

microtubules

Question 39

(during the period between mitoses

Answer 39

interphase

Question 40

it is simply an accumulation of large amounts of RNA and proteins of the types found in ribosomes. becomes considerably enlarged when the cell is actively synthesizing proteins.

Answer 40

nucleolus

Question 41

- Rickettsia

Answer 41

350 nm

Question 42

The essential life-giving constituent of the small virus embedded in a coat of protein

Answer 42

nucleic acid

Question 43

organelles developed inside the organism, representing physical structures of chemi cal aggregates that perform functions in a more efficient manner than can be achieved by dispersed chemicals throughout the fluid matrix.

Answer 43

rickettsial and bacterial stages

Question 44

involves simple movement through the membrane caused by the random motion of the mole cules of the substance;

Answer 44

diffusion

Question 45

involves the actual carrying of a sub stance through the membrane by a physical protein struc ture that penetrates all the way through the membrane

Answer 45

active transport

Question 46

intermediation of antibodies is called

Answer 46

opsonization

Question 47

Energy from ATP is used to promote three major categories of cellular func tions:

Answer 47

(1) transport of substances through multiple membranes in the cell, (2) synthesis of chemical compounds throughout the cell, and (3) mechanical work.