random

Question 1

agranulocytes, type of WBC

Answer 1

lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 2

erythrocytes RBC

Answer 2

move oxygen

Question 3

mature erthrocytes have no nucleus or mitochondria

Answer 3

Maximise space for haemoglobin, increasing oxygen-carrying capacity

Avoid using oxygen themselves (no mitochondria) so all oxygen is delivered to tissues

Question 4

process called by which new blood cells are formed in the bone marrow?

Answer 4

haemopoiesis formation of all blood cells (red cells, white cells, platelets) from pluripotent stem cells in the bone marrow.

Question 5

Lipids function

Answer 5

Energy storage (triglycerides)

Membrane structure (phospholipids, cholesterol)

Hormone production (steroid hormones)

Question 6

Formalin

Answer 6

commonly used as a fixative to preserve tissue samples

Question 7

purpose of the clearing step in tissue preparation for microscopy

Answer 7

Clearing is the step in tissue preparation where the dehydrating agent (usually alcohol) is replaced by a substance (like Citroclear) that is miscible with the mounting medium (such as DPX).

It makes the tissue transparent so light can pass through for microscopy.

It also prepares the tissue for permanent mounting on a slide.

Question 8

Which receptors in the body detect changes in blood CO₂ levels to regulate breathing

Answer 8

chemoreceptors detect changes in CO₂, O₂, and pH levels in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, signaling the respiratory centers to adjust breathing rate and depth.

Baroreceptors detect blood pressure changes, not CO₂ levels.

Question 9

Peripheral chemoreceptors

Answer 9

carotid bodies (neck) and aortic bodies (chest).
monitor levels of oxygen (O₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and pH (H⁺ ions) in the blood
send signals to the respiratory centers to adjust breathing accordingly

Question 10

DPX- mounting

Answer 10

DPX is a synthetic resin mounting medium used to preserve stained tissue sections under coverslips.

Citroclear is used as a clearing agent, not a mounting medium.

Formalin is a fixative.

Hematoxylin is a nuclear stain

Question 11

What is the effect of increased CO₂ levels on breathing rate

Answer 11

Increased CO₂ levels cause the breathing rate to increase.

CO₂ accumulation lowers blood pH (makes it more acidic).

Chemoreceptors detect this and signal the medulla to increase ventilation.

This helps remove CO₂ and restore pH balance.

Question 12

Hering-Breuer Reflex

Answer 12

A protective reflex that prevents over-inflation of the lungs

Stretch receptors in the bronchi and bronchioles detect lung expansion

When lungs are too inflated, signals are sent via the vagus nerve to inhibit inspiration

Helps regulate the rhythm of breathing, especially during exercise or deep breathing

Question 13

Masons Trichrome

Answer 13

Collagen fibers
Blue or green
Muscle fibers Red
Nuclei Black

Question 14

Hematoxylin

Answer 14

nuclei, dna rna blue/purple

Question 15

Eosin

Answer 15

Cytoplasm, extracellular matrix pink or red

Question 16

Oil Red O

Answer 16

Oil Red O Lipids Red

Question 17

Sudan Black

Answer 17

Lipids Black

Question 18

Silver stain

Answer 18

Reticular fibers, nerve tissue Black or dark brown