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1
Q

GPC

A 
\+ catalase
Staphylococcus aureus (+ coagulase)
Staphylococcus epidermidis (S novobiocin)
Staphylococcus saprophyticus (R novobiocin)
  • catalase
    Streptococcus pyogenes (gp A) (S Bacitracin)
    Streptococcus agalactiae (gp B) (R Bacitracin)
    Streptococcus pneumoniae (S optochin)
    Viridians strep (R optochin)
    Enterococcus faecium
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2
Q

GNC

A 
Nisseria meningitidis (+ Maltose)
Nisseria gonorrhoeae (- Maltose)
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3
Q

GPR

A 
O2 growth
Baciullus anthracis (+ spores)
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Listeria monocytogenes
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (acid fast)

An O2
Clostridium perfringens, tetani & botulinum (+ spores)

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4
Q

GNR

A

Haemophilus influenzae (-MAC growth)
Legionella pneumophilia (-MAC growth)
Campylobacter (-MAC growth)
Helicobacter (-MAC growth)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (+oxidase)
Vibrio (+oxidase)
Enterobacter (- oxidase)
Escherichia coli (+ lactose)
Klebsiella pneumonia (+ lactose)
Proteus 
Salmonella (enterica & typhy)
Shigella
Yersinia pestis

Bacteroides (obligate anaerobe)

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5
Q

Ca2+ Channel Inhibitors

A

Verapamil
Diltiazem
Felodipine
Nefedipine

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6
Q

Na+ Channel Inhibitors

A

1a - Quninidine
1b - Lignocaine
1c - Flecainide

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7
Q

K+ Channel Inhibitors

A

Amiodarone

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8
Q

ACE Inhibitors

A

Catopril
Enalapril
Perindopril
Ramipril

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9
Q

Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists

A

Losartan

Candesartan

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10
Q

Antihsitamines (H1)

A 
Chlopheniramine (sedative)
Promethazine (sedative)
Terfenadine (withdrawn - cardiac)
Astemizole (withdrawn - cardiac)
Cetirizine
Loratidine
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11
Q

Fibrinolytics

A

Alteplase

Streptokinase

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12
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Gentamicin

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13
Q

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor

A

Amrinone (heart)

Roflumilast (treatment of COPD)

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14
Q

β1adrenoceptor antagonists

A 
Atenolol
Propanolol (&b2)
Timolol (&b2)
Metropolol
Isoprenaline (&b2)
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15
Q

β2adrenoceptor agonists

A

Salbutamol

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16
Q

Anti-muscarinics

A

Atropine

Ipatropium

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17
Q

Bile Acid sequesters

A

Cholestyramine

Colestipol

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18
Q

ADP receptor antagonists

A

Clopidogrel

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19
Q

Glycosides

A

Digoxin

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20
Q

Anticholinesterase

A

Edrophonium (diagnose Myasthenia Gravis)
Neostigmine (treat MG)
Pyridostigmine (treat MG)
Donepezil (treat Alzheimer’s)

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21
Q

Sterol Transporter antagonist

A

Ezetimbe

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22
Q

Loop Diuretics

A

Furosemide

Frusemide

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23
Q

Fibrates

A

Gemfibrozil

Fenofibrate

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24
Q

Glycopeptide

A

Vancomycin

Bacitracin

25
Nicotinic AChR antagonist
Hexamethonium Tubocurarine Vecuronium
26
Histamine H2 receptor antagonists
Cimetidine (treatment of peptic ulcers) | Ranitidine (treatment of peptic ulcers)
27
Bradykinin B2 antagonists
Icatibant
28
LABAs
Salmeterol - slow, 12hr duration Formoterol - rapid, 12hr duration Indacterol - rapid, 24hr duration Monotherapy without GCS increases morbidity
29
Local Viral RTIs
OTITIS MEDIA Pneumococci, H influenzae URTI rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus PHARYNGITIS adenovirus, parainflueza, strep pyogenes INFLUENZA-LIKE influenza, RSV CROUP (Larynx, Trachea) parainfluenza, RSV, influenza EPIGLOTTITIS H influenzae type B BRONCHIOLITIS RSV, parainfluenza 3 PNEUMONIA RSV, parainfluenza 3, influenza, adenovirus (atypical) pneumococci, staph, klebsiella (acute bacterial)
30
Angiogenics (inhibit angiogenesis)
Sorafenib Sunitinib Pazopanib Everolimus
31
Helminths - Roundworms - Flukes - Tapeworms
ROUNDWORMS Pinworms (eggs around anus) Ascaris (big, asthma symptoms) Strongyloides (autoinfection) FLUKES Schistosoma (in snails - penetrates skin) TAPEWORMS Echinococcus (sheep/dogs, hydatid cysts) Taenia (neurocystercercosis)
32
Autograft Isograft Allograft Xenograft
Autograft - one bodypart to another Isograft - genetically identical individuals Allograft - members of same species Xenograft - different species
33
Tempo of Transplant Rejection Reactions
HYPERACUTE (minutes-hours) pre-formed anti-donor antibodies -endothelial damage, inflammation, thrombosis ACUTE (days-weeks) primary activation of T-Cells - endothelial damage, parenchymal damage, interstitial inflammation CHRONIC (months-years) Unclear: antibodies, immune complexes, slow cellular reaction, recurrence of disease - chronic DTH reaction in vessel wall, intimal smooth muscle proliferation, vessel occlusion
34
Histamine Receptors, function, and antagonists
``` H1 vasodilation bronchoconstriction itching Loratidine Ceterizine ``` ``` H2 gastric acid secretion smooth muscle relaxation Cimetidine Ranitidine ```
35
Common bacterial cause of pharyngitis
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A) | but actually more likely to be viral - adenovirus
36
Common bacterial cause of lobar pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae | Haemophilus influenzae
37
Common bacterial cause of peptic ulcers
Helicobacter pylori
38
Common bacterial cause of non-inflammatory gastroenteritis
Vibrio cholerae | ETEC
39
Common bacterial cause of inflammatory gastroenteritis
Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, EHEC
40
Common bacterial cause of pseudomembranous colitis
Clostridium difficle
41
Common bacterial cause of acute meningitis
Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza
42
Common bacterial cause of paralysis
Clostridium tetani, | Clostridium botulinum
43
Common bacterial cause of UTIs
Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus species, Staphylococcus Saprophyticus (young women)
44
Common bacterial cause of cellulitis / skin abcess
``` Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes (group A) ```
45
Common bacterial cause of impetigo / necrotising fasciitis
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A)
46
Common bacterial cause of gas gangrene
Clostridium perfringens
47
Common bacterial cause of burn infections
``` Pseudomonas aeruginosa (more likely to be staph these days) ```
48
Common bacterial cause of neonatal bacteremia / meningitis
Streptococcus agalactiae (group B), Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli (& GNRs)
49
Common viral cause of common cold
Rhinovirus
50
Common cause of osteomyelitis
Staph aureus
51
GNCR (cococbacilli)
Chlamydia trachomatis Haemophilus influenzae Bordella pertussis Coxiella burnetti
52
Best formers of biofilms
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Staphylococcus epidermidis
53
Common cause of osteomyelitis or septic arthritis
Staphylococcus aureus | also Enterobacter, salmonella, pseudomonas, TB also staph epidermidis biofilm on prosthetic device
54
Common cause of infective endocartitis
ACUTE: Staphylococcus aureus SUBACUTE: Streptococci viridans
55
Autosomal Recessive Disorders
Cystic fibrosis Sickle cell anaemia Thalassaemia Haemochromotosis Dubin–Johnson syndrome Galactosemia (inability to metabolize galactose)
56
Autosomal Dominant Disorders
Huntingtons Spinocerebellar ataxia Marfan syndrome Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Ehlor's Danlos Porphyria
57
X-Linked Recessive Disorders
Red-green color blindness Hemophilia A (mutation of the Factor VIII) Hemophilia B (mutation of the Factor IX) Duchenne muscular dystrophy (rapid progression of muscle degeneration) Becker's muscular dystrophy X-linked agammaglobulinemia (patients do not generate mature B cells) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
58
X-Linked Dominant Disorders
Fragile X (autism due to CGG repeats) Alport Syndrome (defective basement membrane synthesis -> glomerulonephritis)

MD1 (11 decks)

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