Carbon atom bonded to halogen
Alkyl halides
Carbon atom bonded to oxygen of hydroxyl group
Alcohols
bonded to the oxygen of a phosphate group
organophosphate
carbon atom bonded to nitrogen
amines
carbon atom bonded to the sulfur
thiols
2 carbon atoms bonded to the same sulfur
sulfides
bonded to two sulfurs that are joined together
disulfides
alkanes are often describe as saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons
saturated hydrocarbons
Alkanes are ocasionally called aliphatic compounds. True or False
true, greek is aleiphas meaning fat
The same numbers and kinds of atoms but differ in the way atoms are arranged
Isomers
Atoms connected differently is called?
constitutional isomers
A complex mixture of hydrocarbons that must first be separated into various fractions and further refined before it can be used
Petroleum
Alkanes are sometimes referred to as paraffins. True or false?
true, from latin parum affinis means slight affinity
Different arrangements of atoms that result from bond rotations are called?
conformations
Molecules that ave different arrangement are called?
conformational isomers or conformers
A type of different conformations: From an oblique angle, spatial relationship
sawhorse representation
A type of different conformations: bond directly end-on and represents the two carbon atoms by a circle.
newman projection
Most stable conformation, far away from one another
Lowest energy (staggered when view)
least stable conformation, close as possible
highest energy (eclipse in newman projection)
Saturated cyclic hydrocarbons are called?
cycloalkanes, alicyclic, aliphatic cyclic
Are perpendicular to the ring, parallel to the ring axis?
axial positions
Are in the rough plane in the ring, around the ring equator?
equatorial positions
Different chair conformations readily interconvert by a process called?
ring-flip
An atom or group of atoms within a larger molecule that has a characteristic chemical reactivity?
Functional group
Are class of saturated hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2
Alkanes
